Melancholy in Twelfth Night

Twelfth Night is the merriest of Shakespeare’s romantic comedies, it is also the saddest. The Christian associations of the title suggests the carpe diem theme which runs through the play. Epiphany, according to Christian mythology, is the time when the shepherds recognized the birth of Christ. The feast of epiphany is the last festival of the Christmas season, after which death takes over. This cycle of life is an extension of the ancient pagan fertility rituals. The mood is similar in Keats’s ‘To Autumn’, Hedge-crickets sing; and now with a treble soft The red-breast whistles from a garden-croft;And gathering swallows twitter in the skies. Only, Keats finds reassurance in the fact that swallows will return, but Shakespeare is concerned with the cessation of life which looms over the whole play. Here the recognition is of the transience of life, unlike in Cymbeline where the rediscovery of Perdita symbolises the rediscovery of one’s soul. Significan tly, Twelfth Night is the last of the romantic comedies. After this Shakespeare moves on to the tragedies and the problem plays – this is the last play where joy is not alloyed with problems of evil and anti-life.Everything that is subject to time is valueless, this was the medieval conception. Thus during the middle ages all human activity was directed towards God. Man was given little importance. Then with Renaissance came yet undiscovered knowledge. The new astronomical discoveries allowed man to explore the universe independent of the scriptures. With this was born man’s pride in being man in the mortal universe. And thus man became conscious of the beauty and transience of life. This removed the concept of life everlasting from the framework of eternity.This introduced the prominence of mortality. The dance of death was now more feared than ever. New questions about human existence took form. Comedy seeks to find answers, a meaning of life; yet Shakespeare present s a frail shadowy background to his actions. One of the main governing thoughts in Twelfth Night is the fragility of life. This is the play of youth, almost all the characters are young, and this generates the sadness. Shakespeare asks all to enjoy fleeting life, make the most of the twelve days, scorning the Malvolios.A pattern emerges from all this lot which gives life some meaning. Twelfth Night, despite all its laughter, seems to play upon the keys of loss, affliction and deep bewilderment, which sounds through the gentle beauty of the romance convention and the festive humour. The bonded family words – father, brother, sister – signifies absence, loss of security and a longing. It is this sense of irreparable loss, and the mild apprehension that all this might prove to be a dream provides the poignant dream-like feeling which pervades the play.The loss is internal as well as external. The recognition of one’s self is a dominant theme, and almost all charact ers are haunted by this and hunt for their selves as well as their lost loves. Orsino’s languorously insatiable desire for love and ‘food of love’ in the first scene presents a parodic statement of the omnipresent sense of want. The hunting pun serves to express the search which is already begun. Nevertheless, Orsino’s words set the mood of the play, which, even through all the ‘caterwauling’ of the kitchen group, never fades. Orsino saysThat strain again, it had a dying fall: O, it came o'er my ear like the sweet sound That breathes upon a bank of violets, Stealing and giving odour Orsino’s appetite is soon satiated. The music loses its appeal and his love for love becomes evident. Even the hunting image takes on contemporary significance – Diana becomes the naked truth which makes Acteon wild. This is a parody of Petrarchan conceits and it is fittingly given to Orsino, who, like all in Illyria, is in a state of illusion. Accord ing to Plato’s Symposium love is a hole, an absence longing to be filled.So Twelfth Night is a play of pining: Orsino for Olivia, Olivia for Viola, Viola for Orsino, and comically Sir Andrew and Malvolio for Olivia. This emphasis on pining invokes the classical myth of Narcissus and Echo, and makes a narcissistic triad of self enclosed loneliness. Each of them playing simultaneously Narcissus and Echo with respect to others. They seek their own reflections in the other’s face and own echo in the other’s voice. But more melancholy than this ‘love-sorrow’ is the separation of loved ones by real or apparent death. This again can be traced to the sense of romantic lack as embodied in this state of primary loss.Nearly all characters bear traces of such loss – from the father-brother loss which provides similar traumatic experiences for Viola and Olivia, down to the farcical yet nostalgic exclamation of Sir Andrew: ‘I was adored once, too. â €™ While Viola’s sorrow is genuine, Olivia’s vow to keep her face veiled for seven years seems more like a ploy to ward off Orsino’s unwanted advances. Otherwise her whole behaviour is comically excessive in place of being melancholy. Seven years in black violates the Elizabethan mourning etiquette which prescribed a period of one year for a brother.Olivia closely parallels Orsino – both in her reclusiveness more alleged than borne out – and as a willing victim of introspective melancholia. Olivia’s unnamed brother fades from the surface of the play. But his spirit continues to haunt. For no sooner has the theme of brother loss been sounded in the minor key than it recurs in the major. The ‘eye-offending brine’ of tears gives way to the sea. Olivia’s brother fades into Viola’s. In a drama greatly concerned with wholeness of identity, the twinned heroines are each presented as halves of a pairing, cloven away fr om the male counterpart with whom she started life.In Jungian terms, when Viola assumes the male disguise, it is as if she recapitulates in her own person the lost other, dressing exactly like Sebastian, and as if Olivia also locates her own in Viola. Herein lies the fact that both of them are in an illusory world, it is only the presence of Sebastian which allows a happy resolution, otherwise the imminent result was definitely tragic. There might be an autobiographical element in this brother-sister separation theme. Shakespeare himself was the father of boy-girl twins of whom the boy died before the composition of this play.The twins were eleven and half years old when death separated them. Shakespeare must have felt at heart the wistful sadness in the eyes of Judith the surviving child, which he endowed to viola. Twelfth Night contains a calm, loving elegy, and a myth of rebirth. It feigns that Hamnet, the boy twin, is not dead, but lingers in the unknown, washed up on the shores of Illyria, the land of illusion and lyricism. Prove true, imagination, O prove true This is not only Viola’s, but also Shakespeare’s heartfelt cry. Thus Viola’s sadness resounds with a new meaning. Her exclamation at her entry is,And what should I do in Illyria? My brother he is in Elysium. Her brother comes back to her, but Hamnet does not. Unlike Sebastian, Viola controls herself and centres her thoughts on immediate problems. Her wit allows her to obtain a shelter in an alien and unfriendly world. But her wit also has a touch of the autumnal – in keeping with the autumnal note of the play. And even in her sorrow she can sympathise with others. She understands Olivia’s plots instantly in place of scorn, shows tender understanding, she says, Alas, our frailty is the cause, not we, For such as we are made of, such we be.Her identification with Olivia is appropriate in more ways than one – not only both of them are lovesick, but also they l ong for a brother figure. But Viola’s pathos is more touching. She has to bear messages to her rival from the man she loves. This she does without a murmur and with all sincerity. Her praise of Orsino comes straight from her heart. She is pained to the extreme, and almost reveals herself when Orsino calls women less faithful and lacking in depth of emotion. She tells the Duke: My father had a daughter lov’d a man, As it might be perhaps, were I a woman, I should your lordship.Thus secretly professing her love. But her suppressed agony is felt when she tells Orsino the supposed ending of her non-existent sister’s love whose history was, she tells Orsino, A blank, my lord: she never told her love For she never expects to have Orsino and she dares not aspire to the impossible. As when her brother’s name is mentioned she fears to hope for the best. Shakespeare saves the play from ending in total disaster by bringing in Sebastian and thus allowing Viola to hav e a happy end, in an union with Orsino. In the first scene orsino begins with an imagery of flowers.And the scene ends with flowers: Away before me to sweet beds of flowers! Love-thoughts lie rich when canopied with bowers. The image of flowers comes again and again throughout the play. Flowers symbolise transience – momentary beauty, something that does not last. So Feste tells Olivia: As there is no true cuckold but calamity, so beauty’s a flower. Reminding her that times are never always bad, thus to keep on mourning for something that is past is to waste precious time and no one has world enough and time. Orsino talks about woman’s beauty, asking Cesario to fall in love with some woman younger than he,For women are as roses, whose fair flower Being once display'd, doth fall that very hour. Viola has to agree. She admits that death comes when one has just reached perfection. Speaking not only for women but for all mankind. The flower imagery stresses the carp e-diem theme of the play – cease the day before it ends. This theme is also propagated through the music of the play. In Twelfth Night music plays a vital role, establishing the tone of the play. Through music the emotive basis of human existence is emphasised, which is to be felt rather than perceived cerebrally.There is rare music in Viola. She does not sing, but her words carry poetic inspiration. She echoes Shakespeare’s sonnets when she tells Olivia: Lady, you are the cruell'st she alive If you will lead these graces to the grave And leave the world no copy. Like the early marriage sonnets the theme here is of beauty perpetuated through marriage. But the character who is full of music and is truly melancholy, though not in his attitude or expression, is Feste. Feste is the first true fool of Shakespeare's plays. One of the functions of the clown is to sing. He sings to Toby and Andrew:What is love? ‘Tis not hereafter, Present mirth hath present laughter: Wha ts to come is still unsure. In delay there lies no plenty, Then come kiss me sweet and twenty: Youth’s a stuff will not endure. The fragility of youth and shadow of death – this is in line with the play’s theme and mood and also Feste’s character. His other song, which he sings to please Orsino, is equally sad, Come away, come away death, And in sad cypress let me be laid. Fie away, fie away breath, I am slain by a fair cruel maid. This song continues to reveal Feste’s own bleak future.He is outside the action, an objective onlooker. There is no involvement. He is poor, has no security. He begs to acquire money. For a man of his intellectual capacities this must be disgusting. He has no past, no future and no considerable present. He is a relic of the past, from Olivia’s father’s time. He is constantly threatened with discharge which is as bad as hanging for him. But he lets summer bear it out. Only his song betray his state. Thus in his songs the thought of hereafter is subordinated. In the final scene everyone leaves except Feste, who stays to give the audience a song.A song in which he is transformed from the character to the actor. His final song marks the ending of the play, the ending of the twelfth night. Death’s reign starts from the next day. Feste’s song is nostalgic, he recalls when folly was not as unacceptable or threatening. He also gives a cynical view of marriage as an unwanted responsibility. This casts an oblique perspective on the centrality of marriage in the play as a symbol of concord and resolution. A great while ago the world begun, With hey, ho, the wind and the rain, But that's all one, our play is done, And we'll strive to please you everyday. That’s all one’ signifies from one perspective that since nothing is really important enough to worry about, pleasure and folly are the only activities worth undertaking. From another, similar, perspective the phrase c an be read as hopeless, despairing resignation, pleasure and folly are doomed attempts to escape from an intolerable consciousness of futility. In ‘our play is done’, it is more about the innocent activities than about the play itself. It is a nostalgic recognition of the post innocence state. Feste’s song probably takes place on a dark, empty, silent stage, encapsulating Feste’s loneliness.His life is really as empty. He is as much an outcast as Malvolio, only he is not embittered. He is the artist. Isolated, presenting life, but not belonging to it. His song is a very cynical comment on human existence. To Feste the world does seem like †¦ a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing. The song is a reminder of the theme of the play – youth and its subjection to time. The question which arises is whether this kind of existence is worth the strife. With this question the curtain descends on Shakespeare’s romantic w orld.The final song, which brings together all the melancholy passages in the play, leaves a yearning in the reader’s mind. A tinge of sadness which fills the heart and leaves a deep impression, is given to the whole play. This song marks a turning point in the world of Shakespearean drama. The playful attitude is done, now it is time for serious businesses of life, which involves the greatest of calamities. Perhaps at the moment Shakespeare himself identified with Feste. He who even with his immeasurable height of mind had to be the public’s jester and servant. Perhaps for an idle moment he wondered, if all this is worth the complications or not.

Microsoft excel and the Microsoft access

1. Which two training sessions did you select and why? I chose the Microsoft excel and the Microsoft access training session, the reason why I chose the excel training session was so that I could gain more knowledge on better data analysis and ways in which one can make it more easier to insert formulas on data, excel is known for the analysis of a large sample of data. Microsoft access session is also concerned with data and therefore I wanted to learn more about how one can make computing easier when dealing with data that fall in different categories. 2. What were the highlights of the first training session? The first training session I chose was the Microsoft excel session, the main highlights included the great excel features, printing options of excel, creating a chart, enter formulas and working with the keyboard. 3. What were the highlights of the second training session? The second training session was on Microsoft access, the main highlights in this session were differences between a list and a data base, primary keys, fields and tables and finally the four main objects that databases contain 4. Describe three benefits from each training session (six totals) that you will use in your personal or professional life. From both training sessions I have improved my office package use with ease in understanding the application of both excel and access. Microsoft Excel I learnt how to import data into a worksheet, this has helped me text to ease my work of transferring text like data into excel without having to write the whole data manually from other office packages such as word. I also learnt to use various formulas and short cuts to those formulas, in the case where one has a sample whose sample is over a hundred one can simply add up easily and also find the mean and also draw a histogram and other charts. I also have learnt to use more than one chart, in this case I have learnt also to auto fill formulas having only written the on the first row, this makes it easier to use on data that require to be multiplied by different columns on the worksheet. Microsoft Access In this course I learnt how to use queries and let access give an output, example in a case where one wants to know how many individuals in a company earn more than a certain level of income, all you need to do is enter a query and then you get your results. I also learnt how to make a database which aids in organization of work, the data base will be created with fields such as address, location, department and even the name, this will aid in organization of the data of employees to a manager or accountant. I also learnt how to use the data in access to mail merge, this entails the writing of a letter in word and leaving some fields linked to the data and then one only has to merge the letter with the data base and one can write to a hundred people within minutes. 5. What would you add to either training session in terms of improvement, if anything? In terms of improving the training session I would recommend that there be more advanced learning concerning the various Microsoft packages, this will involve animation of ways in which various applications are applied. REFERENCE: Microsoft office training (2007) Microsoft excel and Microsoft access training sessions, retrieved on 26th July, available at www.office.microsoft.com/en-us/training/default.aspx   

Death of the Moth by Virginia Woolf Essay

To live and to die are the two sides of the same coin. Death is natural; yet, it is the subject of utmost contemplation. No one knows what death is like but everyone can feel its power, its magnitude and its presence. Life and death almost seem like riddles that most humans are incapable of comprehending and answering. Virginia Woolf, in her essay ‘The death of the moth’, has confronted this very issue- the vitality of life and the force of death. In this part narrative and part meditative essay, the struggle of a day moth has been shown as its â€Å"frail and diminutive body† succumbs to the enormity of death. The moth being a â€Å"tiny bead of pure life† depicts the glory of life, â€Å"he was little or nothing but life†; strange how a mere moth too, is driven by the energy and vigor of life as it tries to make its way through the window. The creation of nature and life’s grandeur is always a wonder but that wonder slowly turns to pity as the moth’s attempts seem to bear no fruit. The moth slowly stops moving and it appears as if the moth has given up, death is gradually taking its hold on it. No matter how â€Å"content with life† the moth was, there was no escaping death. When death approaches, there is neither running away nor any way of dodging it. Metaphors and similes have been used to present the clash between life and death along with attribution of human-like characteristics to the moth, gives a more definite stance to the abstractness of life and death. The sentiments are expressed in a manner that moves the reader and leaves them thinking about the subject. The actions of the moth arouse sympathy from the readers, in addition to expressing the impermanence of life all the while. All the enthusiasm and drive of life is shattered once death takes over. Woolf’s marvelous creation, this essay is simple and subtle yet it manages to stir deep emotions in the readers directing them to quietly reflect on the presented thought. The tension between life and death still prevails but there is no saying which one is more forceful- the liveliness and energy of life or the shadow of death- although in the essay, death seems to win in the end. â€Å"Oh yes, he seemed to say, death is stronger than I am. †

Business Management And Leadership - Leading (U4GP) Essay

Business Management And Leadership - Leading (U4GP) - Essay Example As a result, seven people were killed, â€Å"and a widespread panic ensued about how widespread the contamination might be† (Mallenbaker, 2008, pg. 1). What stuck in people’s minds was not the culprit, but the Tylenol name. Everyone began to associate Tylenol with the poisonings and, as a result, the company’s market share fell by $1 billion in a very short amount of time. â€Å"When the same situation happened in 1986, the company had learned its lessons well. It acted quickly - ordering that Tylenol should be recalled from every outlet - not just those in the state where it had been tampered with. Not only that, but the company decided the product would not be re-established on the shelves until something had been done to provide better product protection. As a result, Johnson & Johnson developed the tamperproof packaging that would make it much more difficult for a similar incident to occur in future† (Mallenbaker, 2008, pg. 1). Johnson & Johnson handled the crisis beautifully, but they paid a very high price. As previously mentioned, the company’s share price took a large hit when the crisis first occurred. In addition to that, the company suffered losses in production and products that they had to destroy as a result of the crisis. The good news is that the appropriate actions the company took were met with a high level of praise from the public. They have since become known as a consumer champion as a result of the actions they took to control the Tylenol product contamination case. According to Mallenbaker, â€Å"Within five months of the disaster, the company had recovered 70% of its market share for the drug - and the fact this went on to improve over time showed that the company had succeeded in preserving the long term value of the brand. In fact, there is some evidence that it was rewarded by consumers who were so reassured

The Difference between two Socialism Countries China and North Korea Essay

The Difference between two Socialism Countries China and North Korea - Essay Example This is different from the capitalist system of economy where goods and services are manufactured to generate profit and accumulation of profit, rather than based on their value and usage. They both advocate that the means of production be owned by people, either through government agencies or directly. Socialism also believes that income and wealth should be equally shared among the people. A socialist economy provides collective ownership, either through worker cooperative or through a state-controlled agency or might be owned by the society as a whole. It discourages private ownership. Goods and services are manufactured for their usefulness with the objective of eliminating the need for a demand based market for goods to be sold at a profit (Lee, Hy-Sang, et al. pg 77). The significant part of the Chinese economy is still government controlled, however, the number of government programs have reduced significantly. For example, universal health care is being discontinued. Foreign policy of China continues to be pro-socialist, but essentially, it has become a free market economy. In essence, it no longer remains an economy that is pure socialist. North Korea is the world’s most totalitarian state and it is a prominent socialist t economy. Just like Cuba, North Korea has an economy that is almost entirely controlled by the state. In North Korea there is no stock exchange either. Around mid-1975, North Korea was more productive and better educated than China (going by international trade per capita). However, the country has unpleasant misfortune of being the only developed and educated society in history of man to have faced mass famine – and at the time of peace at that. Interestingly, North Korea’s problem of has not been resolved. If the socialism economy that is tightly controlled in the country could have been a success, the country would probably not have worsened to this level. Mao had declared in October 1949, the People’s

Special offenders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Special offenders - Essay Example In the case of adults, the main aim is never to rehabilitate the offender as adults are sanctioned by the court of law in compliance with the severity of their crime. The main goal of adult criminal justice system is to ensure that future crime is deterred either by sentencing the offender or by assigning a punishment which is harsh enough so that others do not indulge in deviant acts. In case of juveniles, their criminal records are not made public as it is believed that they will be rehabilitated and they will be fit to be a part of the society and in order to ensure that they do not experience stigmatization. This is why, their trials are not held publically. In the case of adults, their trials are made public and their records are even publically accessible. In case of juveniles, cases are handled in a psychological manner and the entire history of the offender is considered while treating a juvenile. The trials that take place for juveniles are not regarded as trials and are reg arded as hearings. In case of adults, trials take place and these trials are conducted on legal details. Juveniles may even be detained if it is necessary for the security of the individual as well as the society. In case of adult justice process, they are allowed to be a part of the society on bail. ... Juvenile Crime Gangs is a term used to refer to a group of individuals who join hands together and even comprise of figurehead and this group tends to identify themselves with certain amount of area in a particular community and they participate in deviant behavior as individuals as well as a group. Researchers such as Cohen asserts that such gangs are mostly joined by boys who belong to weak socio economic backgrounds so they can join together in order to fight the issue of status experienced by them in various socialization settings such as schools (Burfeind, 2011, p.236). Juveniles fall into one of the four categories of juvenile offenders. These categories include: informal probationers who are those who have committed crimes that are of lower level of severity and the probation officers decides whether these delinquents are to be placed under juvenile courts right away or they might be placed under these courts in future. Next are statuses offenders who commit unique crimes that are not usually committed by juvenile offenders and these offenders are not detained but can be made part of formal probation. The next category of offenders are criminal offenders who age below the level of 18 years and have committed a serious crime and these offenders fall directly under the jurisdiction of juvenile courts and can experience detainment before being adjudicated or incarcerated after being adjudicated. Last category of offenders are Juveniles remanded to superior court, their crimes are highly sever in nature and may be regarded as unfit to be adjudicated and they may be tried in the court of law as an adult offender is. The states have the power to decide whether to accept a criminal offender as juvenile offender or not and for this

Describe the key stages of budgetary process, (b) Critically evaluate, Essay

Describe the key stages of budgetary process, (b) Critically evaluate, referring to the research findings the social significance of budgeting in modern organisations - Essay Example Budgeting process can be done for several reasons in an organization like planning, communication, coordination, motivation, performance evaluation and controlling process. Budgets can be of various types like short term budgets which are done for a month, a quarter or for a year. Operational control budgets are mainly done for a specific operation and the duration of this type of budget is a week or maximum a month. The most long term budget is known as capital budget which is done by the company for a period of more than one year and it can be extended to ten years and it determines that whether a company should proceed for a long term investment or not . Budgets can also be differentiated as sales budget which estimates the amount of future sales revenue and create a target for sales, production budget which estimates the number of output that should be produced to meet they sales target. Marketing budgets help to estimate the amount which is necessary for advertising and promotio nal activities to place the product in the market (Collier, 2002, pp. 207-208). Budgets are mainly based on the standard costing method for a certain level of production and sales. It should be prepared by an experienced accountant. A budget should describe the objective of the budget and the steps that are involved in the process of budget. There are several steps involved in the budgeting process which area s follows- Communication about the guidelines and policies with those people who making the budget is very important because e many decisions that may affect the budget year have been considered previously in the long term planning process which is the starting point for the annual budget. Thus the top level managers need to communicate the effect of the policy to the people who are responsible for the preparation of the budget of current year. The effect of the policy

Women in a patriarchal society and trifles Essay

Women in a patriarchal society and trifles - Essay Example The play Trifles revolves around the investigation conducted by a sheriff and a county attorney in the house of a woman who was accused of murdering her husband who was found in his bed with a rope around in his neck. Accompanying them is the couple’s neighbor who was the first man to discover the body. In the background, are wives of the sheriff and the neighbor who tagged along with their husbands while the men went around the house searching for evidence that would clearly show the motive of the wife in the killing of her husband. Glaspell’s play highlights the structural distinction between men and women in a patriarchal society in which women are regarded as inferior to men. Men, for example, hold significant jobs while women were kept in homes, cleaning, cooking, quilting and having babies. This inequality between the sexes places wives at a disadvantage because while men hold jobs keeping them out of the house most of the time and exposing them to a social life, women were tied down to their chores in homes with no one to share their thoughts with and no one to keep them company except husbands who come home at night and who did not treat them on equal footing. Minnie Wright exemplifies this type of a woman whose world had been confined to the four corners of her home, lonely and desperate and living with a husband who obviously kept to himself and who wanted to shut the noise out of their home. When he wrung the neck of her bird, her last source of joy, perhaps to keep it quiet forever, Mrs. Wrigh t finally snapped and tied a rope around his neck while he was asleep. All throughout the play, the same pattern of inequality between men and women are reflected by the other characters of the play with women playing secondary role to male characters. II In Trifles, Glaspell shows that men regarded women as beneath them and

Domination of Anglo-Saxon Corporations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Domination of Anglo-Saxon Corporations - Essay Example The elections in Germany in 2005 focused greatly on the role of corporations in the modern economy, and the change of governments marked the start of the embedding of Anglo-Saxon brand of corporate responsibility (Davis 2005). Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become the hotbed of debates over the passage of time not only in the US but in many countries of the world as the public has become more aware of the impacts of giant corporations and their dominance of the markets. CSR relates to the notion of the responsibility that the corporations owe to other than their shareholders. Anglo-Saxon corporations have acquired large shares of the market over the period of time, particularly in European nations and in Asia. In these regions, the debates are ensuing between Anglo-Saxon shareholder capitalism and stakeholder capitalism. Proponents of Anglo-Saxon shareholder capitalism are of the perspective that the companies should only pursue the interests of their shareholders. On the other hand, stakeholder capitalism argues that corporations should also take into account the interests of the local community and their employees (The Economist 2002). The debates have also come to include globalization. It is argued that Anglo-Saxon corporations have used globalization to dominate other social and political institutions to further their own interests. Dr. ...For the most part of the previous century, the Anglo-Saxons have been the major ethnic dominating group. In the modern era, they are the producers of more than one-third of the total economic output all over the world. The Anglo-Saxon countries include the five countries i.e. America, Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The countries have gained dominance not only economically but also in the political arena and other aspects of governance such as the army, culture of the country and the moral values. Statistics report that the countries are the producers of US$20 trillion output of a total economic ou tput (GDP) of $58 trillion; the US alone makes an output worth $14 trillion (The Casual Truth 2010). This has contributed greatly in the countries gaining dominance in the financial market (such as through IMF and the World Bank), the oil industry, where six large corporations control a major proportion of the market. The Anglo-Saxons are not a major ethnic group in the world, yet these $14 trillion individuals remain as the some of the richest and powerful consumers of the world (The Casual Truth 2010). The great extent of the power of these corporations has enabled them to become a politically dominant force. The UK and the US are two of the five members of the UN Security Council. If countries want to pass a Bill on climate change, it is likely that there are little chances of the acceptance of the Bill if the US does not agree to it.

Course Reflection Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Course Reflection - Coursework Example Moreover, they facilitate the learning and communication about ethics and ethical issues. Nurses also create structures that encourage and espouse an ethical environment (Home & Care, 2010). As a nurse, I will foster the ethical issues of nursing by creating techniques that monitor and offer immediate feedback on the ethical performance of nurses and the nursing organization as a whole. Nurses focus on the betterment of the organizations relationship to its immediate environment. In addition, they focus on organizations interpretation of human nature, truth, reality, and relationships as the prominent ethical dimensions that define the organizational culture (Falk & Chong, 2008). I will ensure that others foster trust within the organization as this is the sole lubricant for all smooth and transparent operations and values in the organizations. The shift in thinking took place after considering the future issues in nursing. The future issues that face the nursing fraternity have a direct bearing to the ethical code of conduct of the nursing profession. Hence, it is paramount to contemplate on the ethical issues and deliberate on how the nurse leaders can put in place mechanisms that will guarantee effective, ethical issues in the nursing fraternity. For instance, the nurses are required financial motivation to offer proper services, an issue that when not addressed will culminate into a worse unethical

Business Environment of Zurich Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Environment of Zurich - Essay Example Likewise, their products and services are diverse and categorized according to the clientele they serve. These products and services range from motor vehicle and home insurance, life insurance, savings and investment, as well as pension and retirement planning (for individual clients); property, casualty, workers’ compensation, corporate life and pensions, financial lines, and accident and health (for small and mid-sized organizations); and finally construction, global energy, marine, motor fleet, international programs, and risk engineering (for large and multinational corporations). As Zurich operates in a vast global environment, the purpose of this case study is to provide an assessment of the business environment of Zurich. Specifically, the following questions would be addressed: (1) what is meant by the term â€Å"customer centric†? How has Zurich’s primary research helped it be even more customer focused? (2) Explain the difference between primary and sec ondary market research. How could secondary data support primary research? (3) Analyse how Zurich positioned itself in a customer focused way. (4) Evaluate to what extent help point has enable Zurich to differentiate itself in the insurance market and provide an example of similar service provided either within the same or different environment. Environment The article on Business Environment published online by the Excel College of Higher Education defines the business environment as â€Å"the influences and pressures exerted by external factors on the business† (Excel College of Higher Education, n.d.). As such there are eight constituents of the business environment composed of: demographic, economic, geographical and ecological, legal, technological, social, educational and cultural, as well as the political environment. For Zurich, as a global organization, its scope of operations include Europe (Germany, Spain, Italy, Switzerland, United Kingdom), North America (USA, Ca nada), Asia-Pacific (Australia, Malaysia, Indonesia), and other markets such as Mexico, Argentina, Chile, and Brazil (Zurich Insurance Company Ltd., 2012). Their business environment is therefore vast as it encompasses strategic locations worldwide. Further, due to the wide span of demographical and geographic scale, both opportunities and risk abound. Thus the prevailing economic, political, socio-cultural and legal factors that applies in the respective countries wherein Zurich operates influence their business activities. Their financial success really depends on the strengths and competitive advantages manifested by Zurich and the reaction, as well as response of entrenched competitors within their area of operations. Business Aspect (1) What is meant by the term â€Å"customer centric†? How has Zurich’s primary research helped it be even more customer focused? The term customer-centric means that â€Å"the customer (is placed) at the center of policy-related proc esses† (Gujral, 2007, p. 48). The meaning is more expounded by Booz Allen Hamilton (2004) who averred that customer centric organizations, like Zurich, â€Å"moved beyond lip service and re-oriented their entire operating model around the customer, increasing customer satisfaction, and their own profitability in the process† (Hamilton, 2004, p. 1). As indicated in the Zurich case study on â€Å"Providing a customer-centric service†

This Is Reggae Music Essay Example for Free

This Is Reggae Music Essay Jamaica has been known to be a tourist spot in the Caribbean Islands, because of the stress relieving feel in being one with natures elements.   Apart from Jamaicas notoriety as a tourist destination,   it also prides itself   with one of the most influential and popular musical styles of the contemporary era, Reggae.   Beginning from its humble origins during the 60s, Reggae has become a powerful forcein the field of music, which spawned various publications such as Lloyd Bradleys , This is Reggae Music: The Story of Jamaicas Music.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The book primarily follows the birth and development of Reggae during the 60s in a defining and clever manner.   During the time when other musical genres, especially those not of European or American origin, a Jamaican musical style rose to the occasion and proved that Reggae has transcended from the dim hopes of ever being recognized globally.   In a more significant perspective, Bradley explains that Reggae possesses a certain attitude that main stream music and artists fail to have, dedication (Bradley, 2001).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reggae has always been and always will be music for the people (Bradley, 2001), unlike the conventional tendencies of popular musicians who appear to exert less effort in making good music as their careers progress. The attitude that Bradley speaks of pertains to compassion for the listeners and not the headstrong arrogant tendencies of several popular recording artists and musicians.   Furthermore, Bradley states how Reggae is all about the music and the fans rather than the life, the fame and the glory.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An ordinary listener would usually think of Bob Marley when the word Reggae is uttered, not that Bob Marley has given Reggae a bad name, but Reggae has more depth and substance further than what Marley offered. And if Marley would have been alive, he would not approve of his status as the epitome of Reggae.   In relation, Bradley has given life to Reggae as a musical style and as a culture.   He bequeaths the reader with a detailed account of Reggae from the root down to the audio systems used.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bradley begins This is Reggae Music: The Story of   Jamaicas Music with a listeners or a fans point of view wherein he describes the experience of being in a crowd watching a Reggae performance (Bradley, 2001).   Most musicians describe music or making music as something extraordinary in a sense that one would feel vibe or bolts of electricity flowing through the bloodstream, Bradley however describes making Reggae music as something magical or extraordinary as far as experience is concerned (Bradley, 2001).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The book then explains how the simplicity of Reggae came to describe it as music to the people, as the technicalities of dancing similar to disco and early Rock and Roll hits are explained as not the point of concern, the point of being among your own people (Bradley, 2001).   Bradley then segues in to a testimony of the life of Reggae as a versatile one, he describe its religious inclinations, social and cultural perspectives, and the global competence of Reggae as an art.   He also described the life of a Reggae musician in contrast to the Rock and Roll lifestyle of Sex, Drugs, and Rock Roll, with that said, Bradley insinuates that Reggae is not a slave to fame.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bradleys This is Reggae Music: The Story of   Jamaicas Music indicates the various styles, that Reggae has innovated and adopted, though not all of them are original .   The soul style which is a derivative of Jazz was adopted by Reggae, but the soul style of Reggae as Bradley describes concerns emotional harmonies of lyrics and instruments with a Reggae feel (Bradley, 2001).   Bradley also discussed the new dances that have emerged from the sub-genres of Reggae as well as how the evolution of technology went hand in hand with Reggae (Bradley, 2001).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In a different note, Bradley has also described how Reggae died after the 1970s, he   particularly expresses his strong feelings of dislike for Marleys distinct style.   He also disliked Marleys political motivation of songwriting and how it tends to be corruptive.   He also forcibly placed   Reggaes globalization in a positive light, specifically, the British Reggae in the latter chapters of the book (Bradley, 2001).   The globalization topic, though finely detailed somehow ruins the presentation of the publications as Bradley tends to contradict his own opinion in discussing British Reggae.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bradley has come up with fine detailed work in explaining an underdog music that made its mark in the world.   Though there are certain flaws and biased points of view, Bradley still managed to give a vast explanation of Reggae and how it developed from a simple musical style in to a global phenomenon.   Bradley has introduced readers, listeners, musicians and non-musicians alike to the real road to reggae with a little bumps along the way. References Bradley, L. (2001). This is Reggae Music: The Story of Jamaicas Music . New York: Penguin   Ã‚   Books.

Designer Babies- Has Genetic Engineering Gone Too Far?

Designer Babies- Has Genetic Engineering Gone Too Far? The colloquial term designer baby refers to a baby whose genetic makeup has been artificially selected by genetic engineering combined with in vitro fertilization to ensure the presence or absence of particular genes or characteristics. (1) The process of creating a designer baby is often questioned mostly because of its lack of agreement by experts on a moral platform. Embryo screening involves a process called pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). Genetic engineering of babies can change possible traits such as gender, appearance, intelligence and disease. In-vitro fertilization is used to create embryos that are then grown to the eight-cell stage, when one or two cells are removed. Scientists then examine the DNA of these cells for defects, and only normal embryos are replaced in the womb (3). In this essay I will discuss and include points on whether or not scientists are interfering with nature, safety issues around creating designer babies, the superiority of designer versu s non designer babies and whether the possible life saving benefits of designer babies outweigh these other issues. My opinion is that the negatives far outweigh the positives; however I will lay the foundation for both sides so that I may leave the reader to reach their own conclusions. Adam Nash, born in 2000, was the worlds first known designer baby. This was hailed as not just a medical innovation, but one with a definitively life-saving purpose. If Adam had been created naturally he would have inherited his sisters Fanconis anaemia. She was saved from the disease, as after his birth, blood cells from his umbilical cord were transplanted into her body. (2) Adams birth even though it seemed artificial without question had served a vital purpose. Though there are certainly some positives that can be obtained from the use of genetic engineering used on unborn babies, it is now heavily debated whether parents have the right reasons to genetically modify their baby. One of the main issues with genetic engineering is that scientists could be perceived as interfering with nature and in effect trying to play God, by cheating him out of his chance to decide whether, for example, we are blonde or dark haired or if we have blue or bright green eyes and ultimately whether indeed it is right to do so in the first place. If designer babies became prevalent, a potential social problem could be a new rivalry between designer and non-designer babies. This could create a hostile environment where genetically engineered children could somehow feel superior over non-designer children. This could become a new social problem akin to existing and troubling ongoing prevalent race issues within our society. Scientists do not yet know absolutely everything about the way that the human body functions works, therefore how can they possibly understand the ramifications of slight changes made at the smallest level? They may manage to wipe out one disease and without int ent to harm introduce something even more dangerous? My view is that it would seem unfair for the baby to be treated like a tool instead of a human, as this could potentially violate human rights. The experience of Adam Nash in saving his sister was relatively non-invasive experience as only the blood cells from his umbilical cord were used. However in other cases where bone transplant is the only available option, the providing child will undergo painful invasive treatment. How can someone as fragile as any human being be fairly treated in such a cruel manner? Genetic modification of the DNA in human embryos would not only affect the individual but their children and their childrens children and so on down the generations. Advocates argue that it could not only halt the inheritance of genetic diseases that run in families, but it could also pass on unforeseen medical problems that the procedures may cause. At first it may seem that the negatives of genetic engineering may outweigh the positives, but if one looks closely, a number of benefits that can be achieved by scientists wishing to study and advance this study. There is the potential to live longer because of the advances of modern medical science and genetic engineering. The main aim of technologies that are used as gene editing is the ability to precisely control changes to very specific areas of the genome giving such technologies a powerful ability. There are around 7.9 million children each year are born with a serious birth defect and the unlocking of gene editing could be for some the only way to fight genetic disease and be a life saving option. (4) One could suggest that if these errors could be safely corrected at the embryonic stage then maybe there would be hope to virtually remove this burden of disease. Embryos that would otherwise be destroyed could advance greatly through gene editing techniques. For example the gene which causes children to develop normally for six months and then become progressively deaf, blind, unable to swallow, and paralytic, before dying at four (Tay-Sachs disease) (5) it could be argued that nothing would be lost by can be lost by editing this gene out of the human lineage. Similarly parents who have Huntingtons disease carry a 50% chance of passing that gene down to their children (6) and, even if they do not, they are likely to be carriers of the disease. It would be very difficult to stop people from having children if they suffer from a disease like this, therefore genetic engineering can help to ensure that their children live long and healthy lives. The modification and precise editing of human embryo can be seen by many Scientists taboo since they feel it crosses an ethical line . Some state that no matter what genes are targetted, the key risk in crossing the line would be unpredictable consequences, and any interference with our innate genome would be dangerous, chaotic and uncontrollable. Even the mere dipping our toes in the gene pool will cause large ripples and thus it would be better not to dip at all. But the capability is becoming ever more likely. Scientists at Sun Yat-sen University in China have recently developed a host of genome editing procedures used as a first study of its kind to modify the genes of a human embryo, (7). However even though these procedures on the face of it seem to be very exact, simple to use and powerful questions on how safe they are, how they should be used are just not clear enough. In conclusion the impact on society is hard to predict, but several ethical questions certainly arise. The huge cost of the procedure means that few families probably will have access to the procedures, which could create a wide divide between the poor and the genetically altered wealthy. It is possible that genetic diversity also be greatly reduced, leaving the human race susceptible to certain diseases. While the basic intentions of the science behind designer babies are positive, the potential for ethical compromise is great. I would therefore argue that the human race in its pursuit for intelligence and athletic aptitude could leave the genetic Pandoras Box open to unknown manipulation and therefore would be better placed not continuing such technologies. Using this technology to have better looking children or to have more desirable traits is an idea that may seem appealing, but in reality, is it actually something scientists should be doing? I would say no.

History of Makeup in Film

History of Makeup in Film Makeup has been around and enduring changes since 3100- 2907 BC. Men and women in Egypt started with creams to keep their skin soft and glowing. Soon other countries started created their own form of makeup. Makeup has been around for centuries and is still widely used today. The egyptians used dark green colors for eyeshadows and for mascara they would tint eyelashes with kohl. Sometimes they would use the kohl for eyeliner. This kohl was actually made from soot. In Rome they had the same ideas on how apply makeup but the ways they did it were dangerous. The Romans believed that to be rich your skin had to be pale. To achive this look they would use chalk and even white lead. Because these methods were so dangerous many women died due to lead poisoning it caused a lot of health problems such as hair loss,stomach problems and death. Eventually they started making makeup products from natural food ingredients. In the victorian era it was believed that if you were wearing makeup then you were a prostitutes or actresses. Any heavy makeup or even a slight color change in hair, they would be looked down upon. By this time makeup was evolving and people got tired of using harmful chemicals on their face. Women had stopped using kohl for their eyelashes and started using hot wax and other oils. Instead of using flour to powder noses Max Factor created a press powder around 1914. In film makeup actors would usually do their own makeup which caused them to just grab anything. Most of the products they used contained lead and mercury. To get the desired look they would use an extremely heavy grease paint that was pink in color to re correct the lighting from the film equipment. If the paint was applied to lightly the actors would look pale. To try to fight that they would also use black and red liners to try to hollow out their eyes. They would sweat under all of those stage lights and every mark on their face would show. Max Factor and George Westmore realized this was a problem so Max created a special kind of grease paint that was a lighter product. You were able to build it up to however thick you wanted to and it hardly showed any harsh lines. He would set that grease paint with his pancake makeup which was really his new pressed powder. They still used the red and black liners to hollow out their eyes. His pancake makeup was used in Vogues of 1938 and Goldwyns Follies. It was only used in movies but soon everyone was wearing it offscreen. Max Factor went on to create his beauty empire. He started making foundations, lipsticks, eyeshadows, cheek tints etc. George Westmore went from a wig maker to a makeup artist. George invented a lot of tips and tricks for cinema makeup. Even the invention of false lashes. George opened a tiny makeup studio in 1917. He had big clients like Mary Pickford. He actually found a way to fake her curls everyday. Film makeup has not changed. They use safer materials that have actually been tested. Also, they have also gotten more creative. For example they have been able to make rubber pieces to attach onto the skin and how to paint faces to look more like a character or a monster. Spirit gum was also introduced to the makeup world along with latex. The latex works great for making small wrinkles. Lon Chaney used to use wire and toilet paper to curve his nose up for one of his roles. It was a very dangerous way to curve his nose because the wire would make his nose bleed. The first time that horror makeup was used in a movie was Nov. 30th in 1925 with the Phantom of the Opera. In order to get the makeup effect, Lon Chaney would put his wig on along with a prosthetic piece for his forehead. He used black shadow for the underneath his eye to make it look like his eye was pulled down with a little bit of white on his bottom lash line to make the eye appear bigger. Also, he used a fish skin material and glued it down with spirit gum. They tried to glue his nose down with just spirit gum but it would always fall back down. They had wires running from his nose into his wig piece and the wire was secured with the fish skin. They also had little wires for his mouth. His face had little tiny wrinkles all over the place white and black makeup was used to make him look a bit deadish. Then the last step was to give him new teeth to complete the look. In 1935 The Bride of Frankenstein was the next movie to use special effects makeup. Normally actors would do their own makeup but for this movie they brought in a makeup artist named Jack P. Pierce. Jack created two scars under her chin that went into her hair. The scar making process took about an hour. They covered her face with foundation lipstick and false eyelashes. Then for her hair they just combed her hair upwards onto a little cage and added grey streaks. The creature of the Black Lagoon in 1954. The costume was made from molded rubber sponge. In 1973 The Exorcist used some sort of forehead piece. They covered up her eyebrows. Also, they used latex to create the cuts on her face and a little bit of bruise colors around her face to make her look possessed with the help of contacts. To create the vomit they used pea soup. In 1977 The Incredible Melting Man came out. For this makeup look they gave the actor an oversized helmet that they painted to look skeletal then with a flesh tone. Then they would put syrup and paint all over the mask. Each take they would have to apply more and more so it would look fresh. Next is Alien from 1979. For this movie they used a soft modeling material and snake vertebrates. Also, they used cooling tubes from a car. In 1984 Nightmare on Elm Street became popular because of Freddys burns across his face. To create these burns the makeup artist used individual pieces to lay on the actors face. First, he started off by securing a bald cap on with spirit gum then latex. Then had to block out the eyebrows and his beard with a glue stick so the prosthetic pieces would not get stuck to the hair when he glued them down. He put the head piece on first, then the neck piece, he would secure the face piece and then the chin piece. All together there was 11 pieces that were put on. The makeup took about three hours to put on and taking it off. When all of the edges were blended and secure he would go over all of the burns with red paint then very lightly with a white color. The face pieces were sculpted out of silicone so they wouldnt have to start from scratch each day. In 1990 Edward Scissorhands came out and they brought in a mechanic to work on his hands. For his makeup he has a pale shade on his face, the underneath of his eyes have dark bags and that can be done with just a black eyeshadow thats lightly dusted. For the cuts on his face a small layer of latex is all the sfx makeup this movie needed. In 2000 The X-Men was released. For Mystique they had a full body cast to sculpt the 110 pieces. About 60% of her body was covered in prosthetics. They did plaster casts of mostly all of the cast members. Also, they did casts for Wolverines hands. The makeup took around seven hours for just Mystique. 2004 Hellboy was released. The makeup for Hellboy took four hours. First they used all foam pieces. They applied his back piece and put it over his head to attach to his chest. The last pieces that were applied were the facial prosthetic pieces that only left his lower lip. He was then painted all red.They would attach the lower lip part right before they started filming so he could eat or drink. Special effects makeup has gotten more advanced as the time goes by. The artist now have the choice to make prosthetics to make their job easier. The variety of makeup choices are larger. For example airbrushing in now a possibility. Instead of having to hand paint all of the prosthetics, it takes less time to airbrush than to paint every individual piece. Once youre done airbrushing you can spend more time focusing on the more important details.

Herman Melvilles Wall Street Essay examples -- essays research papers

The Lawyer embraces life and does everything in his power to help his fellow man. This is what I see in this individual. Herman Melville's short story " Bartleby the Scrivener, A Story of Wall Street" is one in which the main character is virtuous by nature. The Lawyer is so tolerant of Turkey and Nipper's unusual behaviors that he showers them with kindness. His kind nature is tested even further by Bartleby's behavior. It seems perfectly obvious that the Lawyer goes out of his way to be sensitive to Bartleby's needs. The Lawyer at first allows Bartleby to hold off performing certain duties and then from all duties. Soon the Lawyer allows his office to become Bartleby's sleeping quarters and then even invites Bartleby to live with him at his own house. The Lawyer tries to be a true Christian throughout the story and is very understanding and compassionate to those around him. Here is a man whose goal is the well being of his friends in the office. Turkey at sunrise would be calm and hard working. It is in the afternoon that he is reckless when handling the Lawyer's papers. The Lawyer describes him, "In the morning, one might say, his face was of a fine florid hue, but after twelve o'clock, meridian-his dinner hour-it blaze like a grate full of Christmas coals" (Melville 452). So as not to cause any problems, the Lawyer decides not to give his "important papers" to him in the afternoon ...

Ted Hughes The Jaguar Essay -- English Literature Essays

Ted Hughes' 'The Jaguar' How effectively does Hughes convey the power of the jaguar? Ted Hughes’ poem ‘The Jaguar’ describes the animals in a zoo and their lifestyles. It also compares them to the jaguar, which is an animal that lives differently to the others in the way that it views its life. The poem depicts the jaguar as powerful, but in what way? The first line of Ted Hughes’ poem the jaguar is: â€Å"The apes yawn and adore their fleas in the sun.† From the very first three words it is clear that the apes are tired, and the fact that they are in the sun adds to the sleepy air. I think this line was deliberately chosen to begin to convey the monotonous lull of everyday life in the zoo and set a drowsy mood. They are â€Å"adoring† their fleas, which is not a word commonly used in these circumstances. Playing with fleas is normal behaviour for apes, but the use of the word adoring suggests that they are glad of the distraction in their lethargic state. From this line, the apes do not sound threatening, more bored. The second line has a rather different tone; it tells of the parrots that screech as if on fire. Parrots do indeed screech, so this is literal, but it has connotations of pain or perhaps boredom. Obviously they are not literally on fire, so these words could have been chosen to help exhibit their brightly coloured plumage or to remain with the painful image and to display their banshee-like screaming. The end of the line includes enjambment and expresses how the parrots strut like â€Å"cheap tarts to attract the stroller with the nut.† â€Å"Cheap tarts† may also have connotations of the bright, tacky colours of parrots’ feathers, but the parrots also mean to attract attention with their screeches and strutting. Line three goes on to speak of the tiger and lion, who are apparently â€Å"fatigued with indolence†. Again the tone is of sleepiness and possibly boredom, and the idleness of the animals in question. The animals are tired, and in the wild they would probably be more likely to be hunting rather than lazing about in the middle of the day. This particular line is also an example of enjambment, as it runs into the next verse. The last words of the first stanza are: â€Å"tiger and lion† and the first words of the second are: â€Å"lie still as the sun.† The end of the first stanza is therefore going on to a different subject, which intrigues th... ...fe very differently because of the way he beholds it. The crowd at the zoo is not very interested in the zoo creatures until they encounter the jaguar, and is so stunned to see an animal living as it would in its natural habitat that they are enthralled by it. The jaguar is depicted as powerful in that the crowd is in awe of it, and this is very different to how they see the other animals because he acts as he would in his natural home. Therefore the jaguar has power over the watching people because he is grabbing their attention and in effect controlling them. The jaguar has also been depicted as powerful in comparison to the other animals, who have let the cage become their way of living. The jaguar instead is totally ignorant of the cage and instead still believes himself to be in his old environment, and since he is by himself he is automatically the ruler of his environment. He is powerful in the way he moves, which is with refinement and at some points rage, because he move s in a way that illustrates power. He believes himself to be powerful and therefore he is. Overall, the poem successfully describes the jaguar as a powerful being in every respect addressed in the poem. Ted Hughes' 'The Jaguar' Essay -- English Literature Essays Ted Hughes' 'The Jaguar' How effectively does Hughes convey the power of the jaguar? Ted Hughes’ poem ‘The Jaguar’ describes the animals in a zoo and their lifestyles. It also compares them to the jaguar, which is an animal that lives differently to the others in the way that it views its life. The poem depicts the jaguar as powerful, but in what way? The first line of Ted Hughes’ poem the jaguar is: â€Å"The apes yawn and adore their fleas in the sun.† From the very first three words it is clear that the apes are tired, and the fact that they are in the sun adds to the sleepy air. I think this line was deliberately chosen to begin to convey the monotonous lull of everyday life in the zoo and set a drowsy mood. They are â€Å"adoring† their fleas, which is not a word commonly used in these circumstances. Playing with fleas is normal behaviour for apes, but the use of the word adoring suggests that they are glad of the distraction in their lethargic state. From this line, the apes do not sound threatening, more bored. The second line has a rather different tone; it tells of the parrots that screech as if on fire. Parrots do indeed screech, so this is literal, but it has connotations of pain or perhaps boredom. Obviously they are not literally on fire, so these words could have been chosen to help exhibit their brightly coloured plumage or to remain with the painful image and to display their banshee-like screaming. The end of the line includes enjambment and expresses how the parrots strut like â€Å"cheap tarts to attract the stroller with the nut.† â€Å"Cheap tarts† may also have connotations of the bright, tacky colours of parrots’ feathers, but the parrots also mean to attract attention with their screeches and strutting. Line three goes on to speak of the tiger and lion, who are apparently â€Å"fatigued with indolence†. Again the tone is of sleepiness and possibly boredom, and the idleness of the animals in question. The animals are tired, and in the wild they would probably be more likely to be hunting rather than lazing about in the middle of the day. This particular line is also an example of enjambment, as it runs into the next verse. The last words of the first stanza are: â€Å"tiger and lion† and the first words of the second are: â€Å"lie still as the sun.† The end of the first stanza is therefore going on to a different subject, which intrigues th... ...fe very differently because of the way he beholds it. The crowd at the zoo is not very interested in the zoo creatures until they encounter the jaguar, and is so stunned to see an animal living as it would in its natural habitat that they are enthralled by it. The jaguar is depicted as powerful in that the crowd is in awe of it, and this is very different to how they see the other animals because he acts as he would in his natural home. Therefore the jaguar has power over the watching people because he is grabbing their attention and in effect controlling them. The jaguar has also been depicted as powerful in comparison to the other animals, who have let the cage become their way of living. The jaguar instead is totally ignorant of the cage and instead still believes himself to be in his old environment, and since he is by himself he is automatically the ruler of his environment. He is powerful in the way he moves, which is with refinement and at some points rage, because he move s in a way that illustrates power. He believes himself to be powerful and therefore he is. Overall, the poem successfully describes the jaguar as a powerful being in every respect addressed in the poem.

Exploring Research Methodologies: Positivism and Interpretivism Essay

Exploring Research Methodologies: Positivism and Interpretivism Before a researcher can initiate a research project, they face the confusion and the range of theoretical perspectives, methodologies, methods, and the philosophical basis that encompasses them all. This seemingly meticulous structure for the research process is in fact aimed toward providing the researcher with a ‘scaffolding’, or a direction which they can go on to develop themselves to coincide with their particular research purposes. (Crotty, 1998) Once a researcher has developed a research question they are seeking to answer, they must consider what methodologies and methods they will employ in the research; what theoretical perspective lies behind the methodology; and what epistemology informs this theoretical perspective. (Crotty, 1998) Before continuing it is important to explain these key terms: Epistemology is ‘the branch of philosophy concerned with the theory of knowledge, which seeks to inform us how we can know the world.’ (Jary and Jary: Dictionary of Sociology, 1991) In the context of social research, epistemology is the form of proof one requires to justify a claim to knowledge about the social world. This will have a salient impact on the kind of data one can collect in order to validate their arguments concerning the social world (methodology), as well as the methods one considers in collecting valid data (methods). A researcher’s choice of methods will be conditioned by theoretical perspectives, the way one sees the social world. (Livesey) Researchers of social science use a wide variety of research methods to gain and enhance knowledge and theory. The different types of research methodologies, quantitative and qualitative, are associated with the epistemological and theoretical perspectives the researcher wishes to adopt. This choice the researcher makes determines the way in which research should be conducted. This paper will discuss, critically analyse and compare the epistemological and theoretical perspectives of two research methodologies used for social research: positivism and interpretivism. The various research methods used within the frameworks of each of these will then be discussed. Positivism There are two main types of epistemologies: positivist and anti-positivist. â€Å"Positivist research is an approach which combines a deductive approach w... ... 12.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Love, T. (1998). Value Role in Computer-assisted Designing. Western Australia: Dept of Mechanical and Materials Engineering. 13.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Neuman, L.W. (2000). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Sydney: Allyn and Bacon. 14.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Orlikowski, W. J. & Baroudi, J. J. (1991). Studying Information Technology in Organizations: Research Approaches and Assumptions. Information Systems Research, pg 1-28. 15.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pawson, R. & Tilley, N. (1997). Realistic Evaluation. London: Sage. 16.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sarantakos, S. (1998). Social Research. Melbourne: Macmillan. 17.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sharma, B.A.V., Ravindra Prasad, D. & Satyanarayana. (1984). Research Methods in Social Sciences. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers Private Ltd. 18.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Silverman, D. (2000). Doing Qualitative Research. London: Sage. 19.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vrasidas, C. (2001). Interpretivism and Symbolic Interactionism: â€Å"Making the Familiar Strange and Interesting Again† in Educational Technology Research. In Heinecke, W. & Willis, J. (Ed.), Research Methods in Educational Technology. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing, Inc. 20.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wainwright, S. P. (2000). For Bourdieu in Realist Social Science. London.

Looking for patterns in elements of life Essay

Looking for patterns in elements 59 of the 92 naturally occurring elements had been discovered by 1850. Much of the work of trying to search for patterns in the elements was done by Johann Dobereiner and Lother Meyer in Germany John Newlands in England Dimitri Mendeleev In Russia Mendeleev’s Groupings Group1 Group2 Group3 Group4 Group5 Group6 Group7 Group8 Period1 H Period2 Li Be B C N O F Period3 Na Mg Al Si P SCl Period4 K/Cu Ca/Zn / Ti/ V/As Cr/Se Mn/Br Fe,Co,Ni Period5 Rb/Ag Sr/Cd Y/In Zr/Sn Nb/Sb Mo/Te /I Ru,Rh,Pd. Indicates element yet to be discovered Mendeleevs groupings were seen as more credible than previous attempts to find patterns in element. Unlike newlands, mendeleev left gaps in his table. They allowed for the discovery of new elements. He predicted the properties of an element called eka-silicon. He predicted that the element would go between silicon and tin in his table. The element was discovered in 1886 and called germanium. Since mendellevs death in 1907:   8 elements have been discovered   24 elements have been made in the laboratory the modern periodic table is based on mendellevs original table. See: Assignment 3 Activity EL3. 1 Activity EL3. 2 Activity EL3. 3 Ideas 1. 2 Ideas 11. 1 Ideas11. 2.

Opportunities for Company Essay

Opportunities for attach to Q to ensue in the bea of favorable business guild Qs attitude towards favorable responsibility appears to be n binglexistent, possibly through and through ignorance or disconcert. Either way the neglect of tender responsibility recognise acrosss their business and lodges perception of their business. It appears that the troupe focussing has never developed and ethics curriculum that clearly defines the corporate culture including viands for social responsibility. Profits, or at least(prenominal) a lack of losses appears to be a primary motivating chemical element for company Qs counsels decisions. confederacy Q has been attempting to cut losses by closing workshops that were losing money instead of determination innovative ways to ontogeny r eveningues and gainfulness for the stores. Based on the known information, Company Q still has ample opportunity to advance a socially responsible innovatives report within the fellowship i t serves and at the uniform time stimulate forth simoleons for its sh atomic number 18h sometime(a)ers. aboveboard and hail-effective mixed bags could be implemented in a relatively short substance of time and the proceedss to the society, employees and the company itself could be cognize within a levelheaded fall of time. There ar at least three ways that Company Q do-nothing make a peremptory affect within the community that it serves while change magnitude revenues and profit faculty for shareholders. First area of advance Take those previous node requests for advantageouslyness conscience and extreme products and turn them into reality within their stores. For more years, Company Qs customers contain been requesting health conscience and organic products sold at Company Qs stores. The companys efforts to provide this for its customers have been weak at best. The companys management has the ethical duty to be positively reactive to its customers requests, so prospicient as those requests are not il level-headed, immoral, peremptory or unethical.Since requests are for products that benefit the health of customers, company Q needs to act to slant those requested products in a elan that is consistent with its goals of profitability. In this case, the company has the ability to show social responsibility in containing healthier products into its stores and have the added benefit that these items are high-margin, delivering profit opportunities to company shareholders. Because the items are high-margin, the costs of purchasing a reasonable supply and variety of items is relatively emit as compared to begin margin items that are mostlikely currently stocked in from each(prenominal) one store. The company even has an opportunity to reduce costs in the stores purchases by eliminating similar products that are lower in margin to the ones that they will be bringing in based on customer requests. Promotion of the social responsibility plan is important. With no special cost in advert, company Q offer resurrect these new healthy products in its advertising.Doing so can bring back both(prenominal) of their lost business as well as bring in new customers to the stores. This situation is a win not solitary(prenominal)(prenominal) for Company Q but is excessively a win for customers and employees. The additional profits from higher-margin items will assist the company in creating yield that are appropriate for each position and opportunities for advancement in patch up and position for its employees. This can help create an atmosphere that retains employees and reduces turnover, consequently, reducing the costs of obtaining and reproduction new employees on a rhythmic basis. Second area of advantage Donations to topical anesthetic nourishment lingos, shelters and other charities Company Q experiences a direct loss of not only the potential profit from but the essential cost of stale items that are i mpel away. In doing so, the company experiences these costs with no benefit to the company.This method of handling the old items not only costs the company dollars in loss but similarly does not allow the company to depict the benefits of a socially responsible positive image to its customers and employees. Company Qs management has taken the approach shot that by donating the solar day-old items it leaves the possibility for employees to steal from the company. A complete(a) plan of documentation for the donation subroutine will help in ensuring that the donations go where they are intended and minimize encounter of employee theft. One vary of this plan would be to have the forage desire take up the donated items on a casual or weekly basis. As part of the donation process the nutriment bank employee and the store employee would sign an armory of the items picked up. This inventory tracking could be used by the stores as proof for prospective tax deductible donation on federal official and/or state taxes. Any legal reductions in tax liability, improves profitability for the company.Company Q can benefit with a more(prenominal) socially responsible image to its customers and employees each time the food bank truck pulls up to the store and is cosmos unwavering with donated food. Food banks are not the only opportunity to show company kindliness to the community. Making donations and collecting donations from the community for stateless shelters and other worthy charitable organizations is stock-still another avenue to show the community that Company Q is active in social responsibility. Shelters and other charitable organizations are in need of items that the stores whitethorn not be able to sell to their customers for donation, but when customers and employees bring in donated items such as clothing, private appliances and possibly furniture, these items could be collected at or near the store and be picked up by these charitable organiza tions. This gives the store an opportunity to receive business from those that are dropping off donations, by personnel casualty in to the store and purchasing items that they may need for themselves and do it in one simple trip.These type of donation events can be listed in their existing advertising and give customers another reason to come by the store. Third area of improvement Create opportunities for employees as well as customers to share in the charitable activities that grow social responsibility. As part of its change in being more socially responsible, Company Q could directly involve its customers by making donation bins available in stores for customers to purchase items and donate to the food bank. denote this in the store is good, but including it in their existing ad campaign could bring in customers that appreciate socially responsible businesses. Not only is this the sale of the items additional revenue for Company Q, but it allows customers to be directly knott y in donation, which in turn creates even more grace for Company Q.In addition to customer involvement, employees can be directly involved in developing a socially responsible image of the company. Company Q could send and promote employees assisting at food bank locations. These employees could go in for one day each month or each quarter and work within the food bank in one of many areas that the food bank needs material labor for. Company Q could pay the employees their regular wages and be may able to take tax deductions for the wages paid to employees while assisting the food bank.This approach is another win for all parties involved. The food bank wins with donated labor, the employees win by being paid for the time worked at the food bank and Company Q wins by demonstrate social responsibility in its community and gaining goodwill for itself in the process. In conclusion, Company Q can develop an ethics political platform and implement a plan for social responsibility th at helps those within its community and increase its revenue and profitsin doing so.

The Modern Alterations of Native American Life

Culture and history needs to be taught to children that are Native .He had strong family values, faithful religious beliefs, and knew his direction in life. Unfortunately try this is not so true for most old Native Americans of today.Many current Indians are suffering letter from poor family structure, lack of education, and great loss of religious beliefs. Family structure was second one of the most important aspects of life for Native african Americans of the 1800s.While traditional and contemporary culture could be similar in certain rather significant ways, in certain ways they different from one another.In Fools Crows generation it was very common to often how have ceremonies where all members of a family were expected to attend, whether they were a grandparent or a brother. This failure of royal family structure in modern Indians has caused one many individuals to lack security and subsidity. public Education is a problem among Native Americans as well. It used to be that w hen a young old Native American turned a certain age it was his or her duty to learn the ways of survival.

old Native American spirituality isnt the exact same as the true religion of the majority of individuals.But now education is substantially different. It still sherry focuses on the essentials for survival and the need unlooked for one to prosper as an individual, great but it lacks what white people are learning. Teachers on reservations are often the product of poor education themselves, logical and have nothing to offer young old Native Americans.One of the most prominent problems, however, is that reservations cant afford to hire quality teachers to educate preventing their children.The tribe was able to stay intact which didnt concern their individuals.It helps to provide purpose logical and meaning to all life.Native Americans of the 1800s, logical and before then, held very strongly to their beliefs. Religion how was in everything they did. Whether it was planting good crops or going on a big hunt, religion was the public key to it.

There are several different Native inter American tribes.With some good leadership skills and a lot of enlightening, maybe the three old Indian religion will be fully restored to what it once was. In conclusion, Native inter American culture is rapidly being destroyed. Modern Native Americans must have lost what it takes to keep a popular culture alive; religion, structure, and education. If Native african Americans are once again going to foolish flourish as a ethnic society, people need to do whatever they can to help build back the good essential parts of Native American life.Its illegal to get rid of cultural artifacts from early websites.One of the features of RefSeek is the fact that it provides you the ability to search for documents, deceased providing a greater likelihood of locating information which can write your scientific research paper to you.

In select places the ethical dilemma of poverty could have been addressed with the growth of Indian compulsive gambling enterprises.An individual must comprehend Navajo ideas of parentage, to understand the close of the joke.Youve got video proof which he was great nowhere close to the area at the ideal first time of the offense plane tickets and a hotel receipt.On well being a warrior that was superb significance was placed.

The physical vital development in the area of Native American american historiography (also considered as ethnohistory) within the previous twenty years is the developing national consciousness of the new universe created for both whites and many Indians as a consequence of their contact.At a few ruins, youre permitted to input structures.One of the most critical archaeological finds in eastern america it was known as at the same time in the past 50 decades.You fill out click all the info attach the desired file, and send it in.

Children and young peoples workforce Essay

apologise the assay and workable consequences for nipperren and fresh citizenry of being online and employment a ready resound. at that order atomic number 18 umteen contrasting types of curves and viable consequences when tiddlerren atomic number 18 employ the lucre, much(prenominal) as cyber bul untruth, it disregard gather tikeren notice vulnerable, marooned and depressed. another(prenominal) guess is termination on confab rooms, this is a boastfully danger as they master dissertation to batch that children do not no, they could be lying fewwhat their age, or sex, so if a child started address to mortal who they met online in that respect is a run a find that someaffair could legislate to the child or new-fashioned person. another(prenominal) find of infection is sightedness unfitting natural such(prenominal) as discriminateing the falsely thing for the age, e.g. pornographic, execrable or blood-red photos. utilise a planet ary audio sacrifice the axe as well crystalise you at risk as or so spry forebodes immediately take on meshing. plot this provides opportunities for communication, fundamental interaction and entertainment, in that respect be potential risk to children and immature nation (children and three-year-old races custody 2011, p139) protective covering mea sealeds defame includes doing things of their echo without their p arnts consent such as having ghost with strangers, and spirit at noxious context, which is not ripe for the child. withdraw shipway of cut rick of children and unripe wad from affectionate networking, net profit implement, purchasing online, utilize a vigorous headphone. meshing use When children argon utilize the internet in that respect should be gain vigor systems in entrap so that it house celebrate children and small passel from aspect at unconnected materials. at that place as well should be procedures in place th at if a child or materialization multitude do see distant materials so that they flowerpot subject argona this. purchasing onlinechildren and materialization lot shouldnt be assumption vernacular cards at a azoic age, scarce if if they are they should be told slightly some of the consequences such as individuality theft and security issues. To serve well clog this you should apply true your com readyer virus software product industrial plant and is up to date, only use sell shops that you devote and that you be intimate are genuinely websites and marque trusted that you discombobulate a tough password. apply a alert phone.To ease hold on consequences utilize a wandering phone you should phone an floozie up so that they bunghole put an internet distort on their phones so it wint discontinue them to formulation at anything unbefitting if they are low 18, take a crap certain(p) they you scan their phone and break sure you give them the cha stise age.

Simulation Lab

poser research laboratory chemical butt endort 5 propellant Systems 1, ME3211 David Cramer theatrical role of Work_______________________________________ Cory Spelman shargon of Work_______________________________________ side mensuration of confine physical object Calculations experimentation Results App extirpateices mark The documental of this lab was to examine how to example the working(a) beat 2D softw are product and to put one across this acquaintance to frame a frisson absorber. dissever 1 was to outdoors up a evince study and crumple the sucks vs. clip of the plumbers helper. post 2 was to eat a palpitation absorber.The indicate for creating the quivering absorber was to keep back the trans make believeion of a hit infatuation. This solicit causes thrown-away(prenominal) shakings that fall upon nigh equipment during operation. The palpitation of this charge up was to be lush victimisation a portion and flinch surface appropriately for the size of the machinate and its effort. Calculations The interchangeable operation of the jamming was precondition by equality 1 revolutions per narrow-minded=440+5* multitude deed? (1) where conference count was 5 and revolutions per minute is the interactive campaign of the reduce in revolutions per minute. This apparent movement was born- again to radians per molybdenum by employ equivalence 2 ? rpm*2? 60 (2) where (2? )/(60) was utilise to interchange the revolutions per minute to radians per imprimatur. The fate of the raise up and put back egest was inclined as 320kg. The throng for the vibration absorber, ma, was reckon victimization equation 3 kama=? 2 (3) where ? was raise ground on affinity 2 and ka was free-base utilise compare 4 ka=(4450+50* free radical round) (4) where group number was 5 and ka was embed in units of Newtons per meter.These posit were utilise to excogitation a bunch shrink dust han g from the control panel perish with bargain ma and natural flush ka. some sepa prescribe toilet terpsichore t motivatek was ca utilize with a spile v clock large than the earlier muss and an combining weight effluence demand to see par 3. The determine rear from the calculations are summarized beneath in disconcert 1 and the calculations are accustomed in cecal appendage A. tabular array 1 Calculations ? (rad/s) ka (N/m) ma (kg) 1 15. 5 4700 19. 6 2 15. 5 23545 98 experimentation For class 1 the confront agitate Piston2. m2d was employ to dissect the moguls on a speculator on a nettlesome moving at d and 6 d rpm. The verve step was changed from the nonpayment prise to 0. 001 gages to permit much(prenominal) selective info points to be platted. The biz displayed lodge in X-direction vs. season that was provided by the chromosome mappingal moulding cloak and withal a hour set of selective information points for the supposed wildness that was metrical apply the bay window of the piston and its X-acceleration. The neutral of disjoint 2 of this lab was to create a plug edge cistron to bump the vibrations of a cowpoke bosom.For this break in the gloom was despatch off so that the faulting of the inspire submit caused by the forcing function could be do-nothingvas without the onus of gravity. The cowherd root on confuse was imitate in industrial plant toughie as a rectangle with a mess hall of 320kg which was apt(p). The twain legs were for each one sculpturesque as a commencement moist carcass with callousness and damping presumptuousness as 15N/mm and calciferolkg/s respectively. The curved motion of the solicit was graven as a nip in the Y-direction with the foster give by par 5 F=-150sin(? t) (5) where F was the stick in Newtons and ? was the jimmy institute development equivalence 2. The overstretch was utilize to the circle around of the press tab ular array. The cloak was run on the dust and a plan of the transformation of the confuse vs. measure was created. A leaping with cumbersomeness ka free-base utilise equality 4 was addicted to the scum bag of the mall of the circuit card and people ma found development equality 3 was attach to the other end of the pass over to act as a vibration dampish. The deracination of the add-in spinning elucidate vs. ime was again plot as intumesce as the rendering of ma vs. snip. The taste military operation was recurrent using a ma tax 5 time larger than the earlier ma care for and a polar ka pry size accordingly. The determine for shift for this apparatus were withal plan. only info serial for the fault of ma were oblige on the analogous graph to take into account relation amid the ternary tests. The poser used for this pretension can be seen to a lower place in protrude 1 direct 1, Results employ manifest buck Piston2. wm2d a folderol with a racecourse rush of viosterol rpm, was examine in the weapons platform for ternion seconds. later onward aspect at the calculations, manoeuvre the a priori long suit by winning the passel multiply by the acceleration. paradigm 2 under shows the suppositional draw and quarter compared to the developed gist. embodiment 1 The cipher supposed perpet appreciate is confusable to the true king relational to time scarce differs in the directive squeeze by cosmos slight than what the substantial determine sincerely is. changing the locomotive engine despatch to 6500 rev and repeat the shape as mentioned higher up is the succeeding(prenominal) exemplifyative. pick up 3 shows the speculative deplume compared to the veri set back big businessman with an engine festinate of 6500 rev. name 3The leaving among the conjectural and unquestionable force for 6500 RPM is the like as for the hurrying of 500 RPM. The theoretical force doesnt have as a good deal directional force as the actual. As predicted, the 6500 RPM engine move at a much fleet rate than the 500 RPM for the third seconds tested. It created some more than(prenominal) info points and more value to compare. For part twain of the experiment, a caboodle recoil portion to kick downstairs the vibrations of a type slug press was created. after calculating the ka and ma determine as shown in display board 1,the clutch was to be calculate by fiver and the spring perpetual must(prenominal) represent the ass measured which is as well shown in bow 1. A plot was created to show the sack of the add-in and excision of ma after the adjunct of the absorber for both(prenominal) sets of masses.. regard 4 to a lower place shows the realize without damping, the coronate with a silencer of 19. 6 kg , and a stature with a muffler of 98 kg. name 4 examine the tether unalike table upside duty periods, the second abso rber all the way plant the best. establish on control 4, it shows to be more aeonian and beauty goes towards postal code at a speedy rate than the vellicate without dampering and the excrete with a damper of 19. 6 kg.The slip of the top with the damper of 19. 6 kg and the top with the damper of 98 kg was plotted found on its displacement of ma. check 5 to a lower place shows the comparison in the midst of the two table top with disparate dampering. encipher 5 found on the given information from the graph, the second absorber works go against however again. The ma of the 19. 6 absorber isnt as eternal and discharge all over firearm the ma of the 98 absorber is more uninterrupted and has a steady go for the seconds that it was tested. References 1 objective excuse Technologies. (2007). workings deterrent example 2D Computer program

University dropout Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

University release appear - judge object lessonn England had broken in level of dropout order (Dearing, 1997 NAO, 2007), the bracing-fangled entropy shows that thither has been siz qualified step-up in the university dropout range with precisely 78.1% of students complementary their stagecoach. (Vignoles and Powdt spend a pennye, 2008) thither ar many studies impart towards the causal agency of dropout duration exploring the some(prenominal) aspects of the problems same(p) intellectual, emotional, motivational, societal and attitudinal characteristics. R.E. Pandey (1973) states that though in that respect be some(prenominal) studies on the issue, proceed investigate would alter us to hang at to the lowest degree 4 measurable purposes comparable braggart(a) supererogatory dependability to the overabundant factors put in to the shake of dropout across geographic and loving conditions, mitigate the military capability of psychological measure ments, comparing the findings surrounded by the gray and new studies and countenance up to assure schooling to the educators and counsellors so that they croupe forge dodge for the memory and insularity of students. A dropout is an idiosyncratic who does not achieve or is not able to double-dyed(a) his or her training cod to geographical, socio economical and political factors. The map write up attempts to guess the causes for the dropouts in universities by analysing the selective information ga in that respectd from capital of the United Kingdom metropolitan University. check to high(prenominal) program line Statistics delegation summation deem of students entrust dropout from the universities as to a greater extent tidy sum go into higher rearing from the so-called non handed-down backgrounds, who may be startle time university goers, arrogatet have the discover of relatives and wider social networks to invite on. As per the entropy revealed fro m the higher(prenominal) instruction Statistics Agency, 7.4% students leave by and by a year in 2007 as against 7.1% in 2006 which shows that there has been substantial increase in the university dropout rates. match to Gardner, (2007), there are at least(prenominal) 10,000 students who drop out of their degree courses because they olfactory modality