Anne Lamott’s Overture: Lily Pads

Anne Lamott’s â€Å"Overture: Lily Pads†, presents a chain of bumbled ventures for a mind-blowing duration by indicating that each falter has made her more grounded and exhibited that each disaster and tribulation of her reality has permitted her to become one bit nearer to God. My goal is to acquire an upgraded comprehension of the nature and capacity of Anne Lamott’s venture into her chose religion, which closes with her picking Christianity by tolerating Jesus’ everlasting adoration into her life. I will clarify her excursion just as how I might suspect she comprehends the idea of being â€Å"born again†. I wish to introduce how her definition, viewpoint and comprehension takes after or potentially even contrasts from that of my own, empowering me to look at and comprehend from another’s perspective. Anne Lamott’s mother and father were a long way from that of confidence and had the mentality that accepting implied that you were moronic. I think Lamott’s father hugy affected her drawn out excursion into Christianity as she unmistakably clarifies his contempt of the confidence. Growing up longing for his satisfaction and endorsement she claims to excuse God to fulfill him. Her excursion begins with an affection for Catholic Church. Her thoughts and impression of God originated from her companions convictions and her own energetic individual perspectives. She experienced childhood in a house flooding with liquor, pot, and skepticism, through and through undeniably meddling with her stroll with Christ. As a kid she implored alone: â€Å"I simply realize I generally accepted and that I didn't tell a soul† (Lamott 624). The statement shows the dejection and disarray she should have involvement with such a youthful age. Later Lamott starts to encircle herself with her friend’s family who all read the holy book, quote sacred writing and appeal to God for their youngsters every day, at long last affecting her such that she appears to be agreeable and anxious about. Be that as it may, as Lamott entered her mid teenagers she bit by bit floated from confidence and supplanted it with liquor, medications and sex. I accept school had a huge effect on why she picked Christianity as her religion of decision. She gets attracted to Judaism as an impact of having numerous Jewish school companions, however doesn't really change over. Anyway in the wake of perusing a Christian book of scriptures story in one of her classes she states, â€Å"I left class accepting †tolerating †that there was a God† (Lamott 635). All through the following scarcely any pages her perspectives on Christianity keep on changing, as she goes to and fro from having confidence in Christ to returning to her medication and sex crazed life. The gathering of another minister and visiting the Church occasionally manages her the path back to God. Towards the last hardly any pages of the composing Lamott is visited by Jesus after disease following an ongoing fetus removal, dissipating every last bit of her mistrusts, fears and empowering her to progressively discard the things she felt was shameless in her life, finishing with a strong and favored establishment of trust and confidence. Anne Lamott unmistakably communicates the highs and lows of her Christian walk, empowering the crowd to get a handle on the assortment of impacts and moreover delineating that her otherworldliness is really the tie that ties them all together. My comprehension of the idea being â€Å"born again† alludes to being conceived from above. From my perspective being â€Å"born again† implies realizing that God and Jesus are genuine. Being flooded with the Holy Spirit that brings the vibe of harmony and comprehension. To be conceived again is being pardoned for all past transgression, regardless of what obscurities or wrongdoings you have submitted previously, as the sublime leniency of God is given uninhibitedly. To be conceived again is to start from scratch, to kill every single unfortunate propensity and sins just as adhering to the principles of the good book. Anne Lamott’s high school comprehension of â€Å"born again† was that of a negative one because of her recently spared English instructor. Lamott composes; â€Å"I sobbed in Sue’s class at the selling out, and the delicate belittling endeavors to support me† (631). This was an outcome of her teacher’s choice to now depict and instruct her student’s through Christ’s eyes. This negatively affected Lamott, driving her the other way of Jesus, constraining her to get irritated and pugnacious conduct towards different Christians. Anne Lamott’s section portrays the snapshot of her transformation into Christianity, she composes; â€Å"I hung my head and said â€Å"Fuck it: I very. I took a long full breath and said for all to hear, â€Å"All right. You can come in† (643). My own concept of being conceived again maybe wouldn’t incorporate coarse language and just ‘allowing† Jesus in, however would incorporate graveling at his feet, asking and longing for his pardoning of all my negligent sins. Which is the reason Anne Lamott’s comprehension of being spared contrasts so particularly from my own. Approaching the finish of the content we learn of Anne Lamott’s submersion, finishing pregnancy a man she was dating. This moreover shows the distinction between my own and Lamott’s convictions. It shows that she isn’t totally following Gods will, untraditionally making a human life outside of the family structure God expected for each kid. In ‘Corinthians 7:2’ of the ‘Holy Bible’ it clarifies that endless evil individuals have improper sex with only one parent present and should initially be hitched, so the spared can satisfy their interests in an ethical manner. Despite the fact that I believe myself to be a new devotee, I feel that I should rehearse Gods demands, consequently instructing me directly from wrong. Despite the fact that Anne Lamott’s Christian convictions may not be viewed as immaculate to a few, with all due respect she doesn't profess to have her life completely all together. It is a surprising story of how Jesus has had such a conspicuous effect on her life. ‘Overture: Lily Pads’ is a reasonable and authentic model for any peruser to identify with, as it is like our own excursions throughout everyday life. It promptly demonstrates what we have faith to start with isn't generally the end we arrive at long last. Anyway the excursion is about the ride, helping us to get a handle on the procedure and exercise what we find en route.

The Beanie Babies Boom :: Beanie Babies Ty Business Essays

The Beanie Babies Boom Jump, Prance, Zip, Canyon, and Snip, came, decisively, from the mouth of my little girl when I gave her five arbitrarily chose Beanie Babies from the one hundred or so that are in her room. She barely needed to consider her reaction she named them for me. She knows them all by name. I was fascinated. My little girl, and my better half, are commonly exceptionally particular to their greatest advantage and interests. There are no Tickle Me Elmos or Furbys in our home. We have never fallen prey to the bait of pet shakes or Cabbage Patch dolls, yet the sheer number of Beanie Babies we have has made me inquisitive about these charming easily overlooked details. The present Beanie Babies marvel is to some degree confounding to me, as most well known rages may be. What makes these things so extraordinary that my little girl knows them all by name, or that individuals hold up in line at six in the first part of the day to get them? Who precisely is getting them, and who are they being purcha sed for? These are questions I believed I required a few responses to. Over portion of the Beanie Babies that we own are currently resigned, which amounts to simply the way that on the off chance that we needed to purchase similar ones now, they would cost three or multiple times what they did when we got them the first run through. The producer of Beanie Babies, the Ty Company, resigns certain models every month which drives the cost of the retirees up, in optional markets, right away. Is this essentially an explanation that no more are being made, or is it only an advertising ploy to drive deals? In any case, I feel that anything that has cost my family more than 700 dollars has the right to be glanced in to. At the point when I asked about what made these specific creatures so interesting, I figured I would go right to the nearest, most solid sources that I had. I previously asked my little girl, who is seven years of age. Her reaction was that they were adorable and that they had charming names. When I asked my significant other, she revealed to me that they were charming, and that they were delicate and cuddly. Presently I recognize what one may think, however one thing should be clarified.

How to Select Presentation Topics Ideas

How to Select Presentation Topics IdeasNo matter how much time you allot to create your presentation topics ideas and written speech, you will find that the delivery will still be lacking in one aspect. You may think that this is because the topics were badly planned.However, the fact remains that you will be a good speaker only if you know how to choose a topic. When it comes to creating topics ideas for your presentation, you should not be afraid to make mistakes. And with that said, here are some pitfalls to avoid when you are trying to select a topic:o What you will try to convey by using some great presentation topics ideas will be blurred. You might even be tempted to do some suggestive things so that the audience can better understand your speech. However, there is no sense in doing that, especially if your audience will not be able to understand what you intend to say.o Try to avoid speaking about anything that is related to strong emotion. This is true regardless of whether it is about politics religion, love or anything else. What you will be delivering is supposed to convey information, which is why you should be very careful with the way you deliver it.o With regard to the performance of your presentation, make sure that the presentation topics ideas you use are easy to follow. If you do not have any idea about how to relay information, you will not be able to get your point across very easily.o One of the worst things that you can do while choosing presentation topics ideas is to make use of bullet points. While this is not necessarily wrong, bullet points will only confuse your audience if you try to present them in an unclear manner.o When you are trying to select a topic for your speech, you will find that you will find that there are many sites where you can get ideas. Some of these ideas will be acceptable but some of them will be utter rubbish.In general, there are no real pitfalls in the process of finding out how to select a topic for your presentation. Just make sure that you use these tips to make sure that you will achieve your goals.

The Broken Head And The Real Friendship - 778 Words

The Broken Head and the Real Friendship The day had been perfect, till I got the call†¦ I awoke to the smell of light, fluffy pancakes slathered in maple syrup, and greasy, fat bacon, just how I like it. â€Å"Shea, come downstairs and eat! We have to leave by 10,† My dad yelled from the kitchen. Our cousins had invited us to go to their lake house at Cedar Creek Lake; we accepted with enthusiasm because we had never seen it before. â€Å"Coming right down.† I shouted back to my dad. Hopping out of bed, I pulled on my favorite t-shirt and most comfortable shorts, stuffed some clothes into a small duffel bag, and pounded down the stairs. We left at 11, late as usual. All five of us squeezed in the silver Volvo, hip to hip, blasting country music as we ventured into the Dallas suburbs. At 11:35 AM, my phone buzzed and Cammy Davis’, my best friend Eliza’s mom, name lit up on the screen. This is odd, Cammy rarely calls me. Shouldn’t Eliza call me instead? Turning down the music, I answered the phone. â€Å"Hey Cammy! What’s up?† I asked. â€Å"Are you in Dallas?† She asked in a panicked voice, but I could hardly hear her because of the cacophony from the other line. I wondered where she was. â€Å"Burberry, Eliza’s horse, bucked her off and now Eliza is unconscious, she has been for the last six minutes. I am in an ambulance and we are going down to Presbyterian Hospital, come if you want. I just thought you should know.† The line crackled then went dead. In a serious but quiet voice IShow MoreRelatedSelf Reflection Essay1399 Words   |  6 Pagesout of our prayer centered worship night my heart cried out. These feelings will soon fade by the time this article actually post, but I feel like I need to reflect on it. I cried for the first time not about my lacking of faith, school, boys, or friendships, but the darkest parts of me that I try so hard to hide. Those demons that I have fought long to fight off, but sometimes they come creeping back. I reflect on the past week and the news of suicide that destroyed my small town.This is somethingRead MoreShooting Stars By Lebron James And Buzz Bissin ger1175 Words   |  5 Pagestheir time together runs out, or will they fail again?’ Throughout this book, the reader is provided with intriguing information about these 5 characters that provide a refreshing feel as they are easily relatable. Because these characters are all real people it makes it easy to understand their feelings and actions. Lebron was an extremely talented athlete and an even better friend. For most of his childhood he couldn’t make friends because he was constantly changing schools and houses. This leadRead MoreThe Silent Suffering Victim1323 Words   |  6 Pageshelp. And the rest are like Alexi - victims who have lost their ability to cry out, to say no. Victims who fear coming out, who fear that everything they know will change once word of it gets out. Its portrayal of the silent suffering victim was so real and genuine that it felt like being in her shoes, and it was such a crappy, crappy feeling. Hurting yourself to keep the pain inside, putting on a mask pretending everything s okay to hide the truth from yourself... it made me sad and angry for herRead MoreEssay about The Screwtape Letters - Types of Love1321 Words   |  6 Pagesone of the most influential Christian writers of the 20th century. One of the better known books from C.S. Lewis is The Screwtape Letters. The Screwtape Letters is a fiction book comprised of thirty-one letters from Screwtape, a senior tempter and head in a department in Hell, to his nephew who is a novice tempter Wormwood. These letters are detailed instructions on how to cause Wormwood’s patient to fall from the Christian life. Screwtape, in all his devilish wisdom, pin points certain tribulationsRead MoreEssay about Summary of Flight from the Conversation1032 Words   |  5 Pagesbecause of the Internet; we make friends with people thousands miles away through social networks; and we can have artificial intelligence or applications like SimSimi to accompany us when we are lonely. With time, these connections can start to replace real face-to-face conversation. In comparing the two different kinds of communications --conversation and mere connection-- in her writing â€Å"Flight from Conversation,† the M.I.T psychologist and profess or, Sherry Turkle reveals the trends of a plugged-inRead More The Importance of Friendship Essay1582 Words   |  7 PagesThe Importance of Friendship Although relationships with parents determine in large measure our longer-term preferences, attitudes and values, during adolescence it is often relationships with friends that cause most concern and which pre-occupy the thoughts of young people as they grow up. Friendships are based on a completely different set of structural relationships to those with parents. They are more symmetrical and involve sharing and exchange. Friendships are important to young childrenRead More Adopted Children Should Know T Essay562 Words   |  3 Pages â€Å"Giving birth is like pulling your lower lip over your head† -Carol Lucawikz When a mother gives birth to her child it is the ultimate bonding experience. And when a mother gives her child up for adoption, it is a selfless act for the child’s best interests, but not a painless one. Every parent that is involved in an adoption arrangement will wonder and worry about their child for many days of many years. Curiosity is powerful, and it is not uncommon to long to be reunited with one’s own fleshRead MoreEntering The Real World And Becoming A Teenager Essay1340 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Entering The Real World and Becoming A Teenager† I wanted to grow up and become a teenager so bad, and now I wish I can go back in time and start everything all over again. As a teenager I made so many decisions and mistakes, that I would have never thought I had to make. I had so many problems that occurred in my life that I wasn t quite ready for and really didn t expect it. If only I could have waited a couple of more years. I should have let my child hood last as long as it could have,Read MoreWhile Ishiguro’S Seminal Novel Never Let Me Go Explores1723 Words   |  7 PagesWhile Ishiguro’s seminal novel Never Let Me Go explores relationships, notably friendships and romance, Duffy’s collection of poetry in The World’s Wife contains multiple perspectives, voices and views of love, friendship, revenge and sex. In terms of relationships between the sexes, the presentation of women as objects or stereotypes is one that Duffy challenges in her poetry. Both interestingly are written from the female†™s perspective allowing the reader to experience a deep insight into theRead MoreHarry Potter And The Sorcerer s Stone1655 Words   |  7 Pagesthe 3 headed dog and games like quidditch that resemble modern games like football and soccer. One theme from this book is friendship. Making friends is arguably one of the best things about going to Hogwarts. Without friends, life can be pretty sad for Harry. Yet for Harry Potter and some of the other characters who ve been set apart by their magical abilities, making real friends is only possible at wizarding school. Wizard friends are lifesavers, literally: who else can you collaborate with to

Learn About the Central Asian Country of Afghanistan

Afghanistan, officially called the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a large, landlocked country located in Central Asia. About two-thirds of its land is rugged and mountainous, and much of the country is sparsely populated. Afghanistans people are very poor and the country has recently been working to achieve political and economic stability despite the reemergence of the Taliban, following its fall in 2001. Fast Facts: Afghanistan Official Name: Islamic Republic of AfghanistanCapital: KabulPopulation: 34,940,837 (2018)Official Languages: Afghan Persian or Dari, PashtoCurrency: Afghani (AFA)Form of Government: Presidential Islamic republic  Climate: Arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers  Ã‚  Total Area: 251,827 square miles (652,230 square kilometers)Highest Point: Noshak at 2.839 feet (7,492 meters)Lowest Point: Amu Darya at 846 feet (258 meters) Afghanistans History Afghanistan was once a part of the ancient Persian Empire but was conquered by Alexander the Great in 328 BCE. In the 7th century, Islam arrived in Afghanistan after Arab peoples invaded the area. Several different groups then tried to run Afghanistans lands until the 13th century, when Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire invaded the area. The Mongols controlled the area until 1747, when Ahmad Shah Durrani founded what is present-day Afghanistan. By the 19th century, Europeans began entering Afghanistan when the British Empire expanded into the Asian subcontinent and in 1839 and 1878, there were two Anglo-Afghan wars. At the end of the second war, Amir Abdur Rahman took control of Afghanistan but the British still played a role in foreign affairs. In 1919, Abdur Rahmans grandson Amanullah took control of Afghanistan and began a third Anglo-Afghan war after invading India. Shortly after the war began, however, the British and Afghans signed the Treaty of Rawalpindi on August 19, 1919, and Afghanistan officially became independent. Following its independence, Amanullah attempted to modernize and incorporate Afghanistan into world affairs. Beginning in 1953, Afghanistan again closely aligned itself with the former Soviet Union. In 1979, though, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan and installed a communist group in the country and occupied the area with its military until 1989. In 1992, Afghanistan was able to overthrow Soviet rule with its mujahideen guerrilla fighters and established an Islamic Jihad Council that same year to take over Kabul. Shortly thereafter, the mujahideen began having ethnic conflicts. In 1996, the Taliban then began rising in power in an attempt to bring stability to Afghanistan. However, the Taliban imposed strict Islamic rule on the country, which lasted until 2001. During its growth in Afghanistan, the Taliban took many rights from its people and caused tensions throughout the world after the September 11 terrorist attacks in 2001 because it allowed Osama bin Laden and other Al-Qaida members to remain in the country. In November 2001, after the United States military occupation of Afghanistan, the Taliban fell and its official control of Afghanistan ended. In 2004, Afghanistan had its first democratic elections and Hamid Karzai became Afghanistans first president. Government of Afghanistan Afghanistan is an Islamic Republic that is divided into 34 provinces. It has executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. Afghanistans executive branch consists of a head of government and chief of state, while its legislative branch is a bicameral National Assembly made up of the House of Elders and the House of People. The judicial branch is comprised of a nine-member Supreme Court and High Courts and Appeals Courts. Afghanistans most recent Constitution was ratified on January 26, 2004. Economics and Land Use in Afghanistan Afghanistans economy is currently recovering from years of instability but it is considered one of the poorest nations in the world. Most of the economy is based on agriculture and industry. Afghanistans top agricultural products are opium, wheat, fruits, nuts, wool, mutton, sheepskins, and lambskins; its industrial products include textiles, fertilizer, natural gas, coal, and copper. Geography and Climate of Afghanistan Two-thirds of Afghanistans terrain consists of rugged mountains. It also has plains and valleys in the northern and southwestern regions. The valleys of Afghanistan are its most populated areas and much of the countrys agriculture takes place either here or on the high plains. Afghanistans climate is arid to semiarid and has very hot summers and very cold winters. More Facts About Afghanistan †¢ Afghanistans official languages are Dari and Pashto.†¢ Life expectancy in Afghanistan is 42.9 years.†¢ Only 10% of Afghanistan is below 2,000 feet (600 m).†¢ Afghanistans literacy rate is 36%. References Central Intelligence Agency. CIA - the World Factbook - Afghanistan.Geographica World Atlas Encyclopedia. 1999. Random House Australia: Milsons Point NSW Australia.Infoplease. Afghanistan: History, Geography, Government, Culture -Infoplease.com.United States Department of State. Afghanistan.

Modern Media vs Literature - 1684 Words

Modern Media and Literature: Iago vs. Ingrid Robert South, an English poet once said All deception in the course of life is indeed nothing else but a lie reduced to practice, and falsehood passing from words into things.(1) The art of being skilled in rhetoric can either be a positive or negative gift. However, when jealousy and vengeance intermix with the skill, its effects can become detrimental. The effects will begin to take a psychological and emotional toll on a person, as it advances. Manipulation and deception can branch from this skill, and potentially lead a person to their greatest downfall. In the movie White Oleander, Ingrid, who is played by Michelle Pfeiffer, exhibits constant manipulation and deception in Astrids†¦show more content†¦In the end, Othello stabs Iago about three times but does not kill him, and Iago is sentenced to execution as his punishment. Likewise, in the movie White Oleander, Michelle Pfeiffer, plays the role of Ingrid, Astrids incarcerated mother who is charged for first degree murder, also showcases her qualities of manipulation as well as deception in her daughters life. Ingrid has a bit of an intimidating look to her in conjunction with her long blonde hair and piercing blue eyes. Her motto of Astrid thinking for herself is constantly being drilled into Astrids mind. Ingrid forces Astrid to believe for a while that she is the only one who can keep her on the right track. Ingrid does not will Astrids happiness, every time Astrid visits the prison and talks about her new foster parents she always has something derogatory to say. When she learns about Star, who is played by Robin Wright Penn, introducing Astrid to Christianity that becomes a big problem for her, and she tells Astrid that Star is Ortiz 4 brainwashing her with mislead beliefs. On Astrids way out of the prison she removes the cross that Star gave her. Ingrids manipulation is fueled by her ongoing jealousy of the new people Astrid encounters in her life. She gets angry at Astrid when she mentions a boy named Paul that she met at the McGinley Foster Hall. Ingrid is not amused by Pauls artwork and calls them mere cartoons. SheShow MoreRelatedFairy Tales And Folk Stories1668 Words   |  7 Pageswell-known examples of a fairy tale that has been influential in American culture is the classic tale of Cinderella. Though the details of the tale can vary with different authors and cultures, aspects of it have taken on a certain significance in modern American culture in multiple ways and the story keeps changing as society progresses. Cinderella now serves as a reference point in American culture that contains societal messages about gender roles, beauty, and femininity that people have incorporatedRead MoreHow Social Media Has Impacted Politics Essay1738 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction and Background Social media has become a major part of communication today. It has changed the way people find each other, share interest and ideas, not to mention how it has changed how companies advertise and communicate with their customers. Based on this year alone, social media has impacted politics in a major way. The goal was to reach the young generation by engaging in social media platforms by simply posting, commenting and video sharing [10]. Social networking sites hasRead MoreMarketing Apple Fanatics : Self Identity1307 Words   |  6 Pagespublicity, but they maintain the same level of devotion. Many people exclusively wear Nike or Jordan. Some may make a cup of Starbucks coffee a part of their morning routine. Over the years, brand wars have gained media attention and marked generations: Ford vs. Chevrolet, Microsoft vs. Apple, Coke vs. Pepsi, the list goes on. The bottom line is that major brands often create an obsession among their consumers that can be compared to religious worsh ip, which in turn negatively affects cultural identity.Read MoreThe widespread image of American culture is seen to hold a strong base for globalisation. The1000 Words   |  4 PagesThe widespread image of American culture is seen to hold a strong base for globalisation. The extensive connectivity of the modern world, confirms Marshal McLuhans prediction of the global village. Globalisation is commonly seen as western culture imputing international cultures. Internet and television have also created transnational media whereas globalisation is commonly seen as a flow of information impending of western culture. Whereas, how will the younger generation will not be able to enjoyRead MoreGreek Mythology Throughout The Ages916 Words   |  4 Pagesand the nature of the world. They also reveal much about their religious beliefs and practices during Ancient Greece. Today modern scholars study these myths in an attempt to better understand the religious and political practices of Ancien t Greece and its civilization of way back when. Greek mythology can be seen in multiple forms such as spoken narratives, in literature and in various art forms (statues, vases and paintings). The known Greek myths attempt to explain the origins of human beingsRead MoreGenetics And The Unknown Cross1190 Words   |  5 PagesDrosophila Genetics and the Unknown Cross Abstract Introduction Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk, known today as the father of modern genetics. Through his experiments in his monastery’s garden, Mendel essentially discovered the basic laws that govern how traits are transferred from parent to offspring using pea plants (Levina 83). Pea plants have seven distinct traits and offspring is quickly and easily produced. Mendel cross-pollinated pea plants that had evidently opposite characteristicsRead MoreInternet Vs Knowledge1441 Words   |  6 Pages Internet Knowledge vs Mind Knowledge Over the last two decades’ technology has had an important role in the world. We are living in the time of new technology, smart phones, iPads, and laptops are used as providers of digital information. The Internet has become a main part of the advances around the world, connecting networks the information is transferred in seconds to any digital device. Internet is the modern way to develop learning in different matters suchRead MoreConflicting Paradigms On Gender And Sexuality1453 Words   |  6 Pagesof health issues. They have researched the actual content in lyrics in relation to gender and sex. This paper compares literature in relation to gender and sexuality involved with rap music from many different perspectives, a huge base is the feminism theory, along with culture studies and relations. This review shows that conflicting paradigms, come together in this literature and that very few studies are both strong and rich, these paradigms including misogyny or sexual agency . Research in theRead MoreReview Ofshow And Tell By Scott Mccloud1285 Words   |  6 Pagesread stories? There is a better method to read a story, and that method is through comics. In McCloud s graphic essay Show and Tell, McCloud proves that through the use of both writing and illustrations in comics, comics are the best form of literature to convey a story. By proving this, McCloud demonstrates how visual representation is very important while conveying a message, as it provides a bigger range of emotion and expression. As humans, we like creativity and emotions and thus, visualRead MorePhilosophy of Education Essays1644 Words   |  7 Pageswhat leads us to the successes and failures all people meet; education is the foundation of life. Personally, I believe in the value of a high school English and literature class. Education is to be seen as a lifelong pursuit, rather than a stopping point, or a stepping stone. Knowledge gives us the power we need to survive in a modern-day society. Without education, we would lack the development and ability necessary to thrive in today’s world. Schools give us the training that is required to survive

Comparison Between Egypt and Mesopotamia free essay sample

Comparison Essay Leith Kusmider Before the modern civilizations we all live in came to be as they are today, countless others have risen and fallen before our time. No two civilizations are exactly the same, but they all do what is necessary to survive and thrive. Many find survival through military power while others find it through trade or an agriculturally based economy. It has been like this since the birth of civilization. Two of the civilizations that marked the birth of all others that rose after them, were Mesopotamia and Egypt. Although they are similar in their geographic stand points and their agriculturally based economy, they have distinct differences in their government structures and their social stratification. The placement of a civilization on a globe often defines how that civilization survives; Mesopotamia and Egypt are no exception. Each civilization was heavily affected by their geographic standing, Egypt was found in a desert that would be nearly uninhabitable if not for the large river that the Egyptian civilization was able to build its massive empire surrounding, the Nile river. The Nile is the reason Egypt was able to thrive in such a harsh climate. With no other constant source of water found for hundreds of miles, Egypt learned to use their only source of water efficiently. They were dependent upon the Nile for food, water, transportation, irrigation and to use as a natural barrier from possible enemies. The ancient Egyptian civilization was dependent upon the Nile while Mesopotamia was dependent upon the Fertile Crescent; the obviously fertile land was between the Euphrates and Tigris River. Similar to the Egyptians, Mesopotamia was dependent upon the rivers surrounding them to survive. They used these rivers as Egypt used the Nile, it provided fertile land for growing crops, water, irrigation and it provided a faster source of transportation. But in many ways the Fertile Crescent lead to the fall Mesopotamia, it is placed in such a spot that it was often visited by invaders. Many different civilizations, such as the Hittites, Assyrians and Babylonians; visited this land, conquered this land and fell in this land. These two lands were similar in uses, although the Nile differed from the Fertile Crescent in many ways. One difference was the predictability of the Niles flooding. This flooding carried silt from the river onto the land making it easy to grow the crops necessary to survive, it provided excellent irrigation and ancient Egypt used it for multiple religious rituals. The Tigris and Euphrates River lacked this predictability in flooding which lead to droughts and bad harvests. Egypt and Mesopotamia were not the practical scientist we are today, rather than having a scientifically explanation for most things such as we do now, they explained much of the unexplained through mythology and religion. Religion gives purpose to the lives of many, it gives explanation to the mysterious of the universe. The largest difference between the majority of modern day religions and many ancient religions is the fact that most regions in this era were polytheistic. Both Mesopotamia and Egypt shared this religious quality. Although neither civilization worshiped the same god they did have many of the same basic principles in their religions. For example both civilizations believed in the principle of an afterlife, this is one of the reasons for building the massive pyramids in Egypt, they believed it aided pharaohs in the afterlife. They placed gold weapons, coins, and statues in the tombs of the dead and even mummified their dead with the belief that it would aid them in the afterlife. The religious complexes both Egypt and Mesopotamia built were similar, Mesopotamia built large complexes called Ziggurats. They were thick pyramids with multiple terraces and stories, they were constantly used by priest for religious ceremonies. Lastly on religion, both Mesopotamia and Egypt placed their priest extremely high in the social classes, the only person above them being the ruler of either civilization. This shows how important religion was to each ancient civilization Mesopotamia may have similar geographic stand points and similar religious beliefs, but they also have the distinct difference in their government structure. Egypt is known for their great monuments and tombs to their rulers, of which are called pharaohs. Egypt believes these Pharaohs are gods on earth, only here to maintain the ma’at, meaning peace, order and balance. Whether or not these pharaohs are successful in maintaining this order, all of Egypt is still required to obey their every whim. This title of Pharaoh is passed down through blood and usually to the oldest male. Every so often, the oldest male is not present or is not eligible due to age, in such a case the wife of the pharaoh would become ruler. Similar to Egypt, Mesopotamia does have an absolute Monarchy, but such a ruler would never be women in Mesopotamian culture and the people of Mesopotamia do not believe this ruler is a god. Usually the ruler of a city state or empire is a wealthy aristocrat whom rises to power through military force. Despite the differences in rulers, the other major difference between the two government structures is the unification of Egypt and the lack of from Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia is made up of cities that often have their own government, farms, markets etc. These massive cities are called city-states. The city-states of ancient Mesopotamia often go to war with their neighboring city-states. whether it’s over water, land or food, these city-states are fighting constantly. Every so often these city-states are conquered and united by outside invaders such as the Sumerians, who unified Mesopotamia under the rule of king Sargon. But early Mesopotamia was simply a group of fighting city-states, each having their own smaller differences in their government. Egypt was not unified until 3150 BCE, the upper and lower half of the Nile were brought together under one government by King Menes, although there is debate that king Narmer unified the civilizations, historians usually recognize Menes for conquering the north and unifying Egypt. This unification made transportation and trade along the Nile much more effective and the taxing of the 42 Egyptian nomes (districts) helped strengthen the central government and build the massive monuments we all know today. Taxing in Egypt was split up between 42 nomes, 22 in Upper Egypt and 20 in Lower Egypt. These taxes were paid for by Egyptian currency and labor. This taxation labor lead to the making of the massive monuments in Egypt such as the great Sphinx of Giza and the ancient pyramids. Both ancient civilizations had their own distinct differences in social structure as well. Much of what we know about the social structure of Mesopotamia was due to the code of laws in the time, The Code of Hammurabi. Hammurabi was the ruler who came up with this 270+ list of strict laws. One thing we learned from this list is the behavior towards women and slaves in this era were horrible. Women could not testify, own property and they were constantly bounded by rules and judgments such as not being able to divorce, borrow money or sign contracts. Slaves were not even so lucky, they were beat often with no punishment and crimes against them could be paid off with ease. In Egypt, women could own land, testify, borrow money and in some cases become pharaoh over the great civilization. Women were treated as equals to men. Egypt did have slaves and treated them like such. But slaves were allowed to marry, be freed or even win their freedom. The Egyptian social pyramid was similar to many other ancient civilizations, the ancient Egyptian social pyramid consisted of a pharaoh on top, followed by the pharaohs advisors, then priest and high noble men, after that came scribes and government officials, soon after that were craftsmen and merchants and lastly at the bottom were slaves, peasants and farmers. The Mesopotamian social structure consisted of the same order. One slight difference between the two ancient civilizations were their different styles of writing, Egypt used a system called hieroglyphics, a series of pictograms. each symbol was an idea or concept, similar to Mesopotamia, although they used a system called cuneiform. Since the beginning of civilizations, no two have had the same culture, beliefs and values. Each does what they can to survive and thrive, as you can see ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia are no exception. They have their similarities in their geographic stand points, which helped form the culture and society they abided by, and they have key similarities in religion. But they also have key differences in their government structure and social stratification, each civilization developed differently and did what they had to do to survive and thrive. No two civilizations are exactly the same, but as you can see ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia shared many similarities and had many differences

Blooms taxonomy an Example of the Topic Business Essays by

Blooms taxonomy Much more clearly as the business error on his part was represented by his decision to divide Apple and Macintosh into two competing teams. From Blooms Taxonomy's perspective, one perhaps can understand that this decision was driven by internal drive of affective intelligence: the strong desire to perfect the esthetics does not matter what is the cost. He was more internalizing values with displaying self-reliance without thinking about the logical consequences of his decisions. This is one of those instances when it appears that affective intelligence drive would go against the logic of conducting successful business. Need essay sample on "Bloom's taxonomy" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed In that, Jobs was more of an artist than a businessman. Such a logic error on his part almost cost him his company and later on his position as the founder and the CEO of the company. If we return to the beginning of his business career and inquire what did make him successful, one of many answers and the most obvious at best would be: his affective intelligence. His initial angry move in which his throws the first prototype in to the trash can clearly suggests that he wanted to follow what was displayed in his inner vision, and that what he had in his hands was far from that. We cannot say the same about Gates. Gates was calculative with the most of his cognitive intelligence at game. His calculations were clear and logical and he followed them with the mathematical precision. Certainly, he made some errors, like greeting his potential investors in the clothes in which he slept and allowing his secretary to badge in with not beneficial for him statement. His Altair opportunity closed the door into his face because he forgot to include the major component. He demands a signing bonus with them just to learn that this was not the way they ran business. Here, it appears that he would benefit from the affective and psychomotor intelligences (Granell, 2000) that with all evidence he lacked, but again his cognitive intelligence saves him and catapults him on to the path of enormous success. He finds an obscure programmer and purchases from him the original DOS for $ 40,000 payable later and in installments. He turns around and invents the concept of Software License, which becomes a sale point with IBM. That particular move exemplifies the power behind the cognitive intelligence. To bring a parallel between Gates and Jobs and to inquire what drove the origins of their legendary success, we will clearly see that in Jobs it was affective intelligence and in Gates it was cognitive intelligence. The last 15 minutes were disappointing and made me wondering what if Gates decided to partner with Jobs what if the cognitive intelligence would unite with affective and psychomotor? What if Gates' marketing genius would become a part of Apple? The answer to this question is unilateral: all of us would enjoy a much better product and would not have to be driven by limitations on both ends: Apple with its limited software market and higher prices and Window-based PCs with their constant software and hardware problems. These two lives of two great men do not typically fit into the text book and professional articles dissection of business success. Some, like Granello, argue that supervisors must be trained in the principles of Blooms Taxonomy in order to understand their subordinates and to find the best way of their expression. While excellent in theory, in practice it does not happen necessarily in that way. Literature, elsewhere, suggested that among supervisors the most prevalent is the thinking from own perspective and demanding the environment to fit in. We can clearly see that in both, Gates and Jobs, as in an example after example they show intolerance toward their own employees and even their friends and partners' views and opinions. Jobs' obsession with esthetics made him neglect the human needs. Gates' logic and mathematical precision made him ignore the ethics in business deals. Certainly, both of them became instrumental in creating the computers that all of use today. But can we even begin guessing how far their respective intelligences would take this industry if Jobs would use Wozniak's cognitive intelligence and Gates would appreciate Job's invitation for the partnership? What is Jobs would be more understanding of his employees' needs and Gates would think mire about Windows' design perfection and trouble-free operation? If both men were aware of the aspects of Blooms Taxonomy and desire to apply them in practical matters of their respective business would we see a better outcome? According Granello's secondary sources, the targeted division of Blooms Taxonomy into domains would render one more cognizant of personal preferences. For example, the cognitive domain can be viewed from the perspective of six sub areas: Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Synthesis, and Evaluation. I cannot say that Jobs lacked all of the above, but was he in preference of functioning from entirely cognitive perspective? Although the levels have been represented as cumulative from each other, one should clearly start with first two: Knowledge and Comprehension. Clearly, Gates was more successful in that than Jobs. If Jobs would be led to believe that he had to apply his knowledge and then analyze, synthesize, and evaluate the results, the glorious Apple would not be born. In the beginning stage of development, blind following the Blooms Taxonomy would cripple his affective intelligence. In thus, the logic suggests that those intelligences that are more natural and dominant are the most powerful having the potential to bring the beholder to success. If one insists to Gates in developing and using his affective intelligence in the beginning and before he so boldly went to IBM, we perhaps would never learn of Microsoft for Windows would be late in development and the idea of which would be swallowed by then rapidly developing Apple. Both followed naturally their own preference and quite successfully. Thus, the proponents of Blooms Taxonomy must agree that teaching its principles might have a contradictory results for those would mask the natural inclinations. To be successful (and not only in business) one must discover and act upon the naturally inborn preference. Certainly, the knowledge of it and other modalities will be helpful thus leaving (and logically so) the influence of Taxonomy as an educative and informative tool but never as training and influencing one. For those supervisors who might be influenced by the goodness of this knowledge might get into an idea exercise that what is lacking thus brushing the natural aspects aside. If such "training" will be especially guided under the duress of the superordinates' supervision and their insistence of using it to be more "productive" we can expect nothing more but a meager performance of those whose natural talents and abilities were suppressed. The conclusion is the most obvious. Blooms Taxonomy is a valuable knowledge, but only as the informative input. The key here, to the opinion, of this writer, is the synergetic force of people with preferences of different Blooms' domains. Then, we can expect the cumulative effect. References Granello, D. H. (2000). Encouraging the Cognitive Development of Supervisees: Using Bloom's Taxonomy in Supervision. CounselorEducation and Supervision, 40(1), 31. Retrieved June 5, 2007. The Pirates of Silicon Valley. Motion picture. USA

Pre-Pottery Neolithic - Farms and Feasts Before Pottery

Pre-Pottery Neolithic - Farms and Feasts Before Pottery The Pre-Pottery Neolithic (abbreviated PPN and often spelled as PrePottery Neolithic) is the name given to the people who domesticated the earliest plants and lived in farming communities in the Levant and Near East. The PPN culture contained most of the attributes we think of Neolithicexcept pottery, which was not used in the Levant until ca. 5500 BC. The designations PPNA and PPNB (for Pre-Pottery Neolithic A and so forth) were first developed by Kathleen Kenyon to use at the complex excavations at Jericho, which is probably the best known PPN site. PPNC, referring to the terminal Early Neolithic was first identified at Ain Ghazal by Gary O. Rollefson. Pre-Pottery Neolithic Chronology PPNA (ca 10,500 to 9,500 BP) Jericho, Netiv Hagdud, Nahul Oren, Gesher, Dhar, Jerf al Ahmar, Abu Hureyra, Gà ¶bekli Tepe, Chogha Golan, BeidhaPPNB (ca 9,500 to 8200 BP) Abu Hureyra, Ain Ghazal, Çatalhà ¶yà ¼k, Cayà ¶nà ¼ Tepesi, Jericho, Shillourokambos, Chogha Golan, Gobekli Tepe PPNC (ca 8200 to 7500 BP) Hagoshrim, Ain Ghazal PPN Rituals Ritual behavior during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic is quite remarkable, indicated by the presence of large human figurines at sites such as Ain Ghazal, and plastered skulls at Ain Ghazal, Jericho, Beisomoun and Kfar HaHoresh. A plastered skull was made by modeling a plaster replica of skin and features onto a human skull. In some cases, cowry shells were used for eyes, and sometimes they were painted using cinnabar or other iron-rich elements. Monumental architecturelarge buildings constructed by the community for use as gathering spaces for those communities and allied peoplehad its very first beginnings in the PPN, at sites such as  Nevali Çori and Hallan Çemi; hunter-gatherers of the PPN also constructed the significant site of  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Gà ¶bekli Tepe, an apparently nonresidential structure built for ritual gathering purposes. Crops of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic Crops domesticated during the PPN include the founder crops: the cereals (einkorn and emmer wheat and barley), the pulses (lentil, pea, bitter vetch, and chickpea), and a fiber crop (flax). Domesticated forms of these crops have been excavated at sites such as Abu Hureyra, Cafer Hà ¼yà ¼k, Cayà ¶nà ¼ and Nevali Çori. In addition, the sites of Gilgal and Netiv Hagdud have produced some evidence supporting the domestication of fig trees during the PPNA. Animals domesticated during the PPNB include sheep, goats, and possibly  cattle. Domestication as a Collaborative Process? A recent study at the site of Chogha Golan in Iran (Riehl, Zeidi and Conard 2013) has provided information concerning the apparently wide-spread and perhaps collaborative nature of the domestication process. Based on the exception preservation of the botanical remains, the researchers were able to compare the Chogha Golan assemblage to other PPN sites from all over the Fertile Crescent and extending into Turkey, Israel and Cyprus, and have concluded that there might very well have been inter-regional information and crop flow, which might account for the nearly simultaneous invention of agriculture in the region. In particular, they note that crop domestication of seed plants (such as emmer and einkorn wheat  and barley) seems to have arisen throughout the region at the same time, leading the Tà ¼bingen-Iranian Stone Age Research Project (TISARP) to conclude that inter-regional information flow must have occurred. Sources This Guide to Prehistory is part of the About.com Guide to the Neolithic and the Guide to European Prehistory. Garrard AN, and Byrd BF. 2013. Beyond the Fertile Crescent: Late Palaeolithic and Neolithic Communities of the Jordanian Steppe. The Azraq Basin Project. Oxford: Oxbow Press.Goren Y, Goring-Morris AN, and Segal I. 2001. The Technology of Skull Modelling in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB): Regional Variability, the Relation of Technology and Iconography and their Archaeological Implications. Journal of Archaeological Science 28(7):671-690.Haber A, and Dayan T. 2004. Analyzing the process of domestication: Hagoshrim as a case study. Journal of Archaeological Science 31(11):1587-1601.Hardy-Smith T, and Edwards PC. 2004. The Garbage Crisis in prehistory: artefact discard patterns at the Early Natufian site of Wadi Hammeh 27 and the origins of household refuse disposal strategies. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 23(3):253-289.Kuijt I. 2000. People and Space in Early Agricultural Villages: Exploring Daily Lives, Community Size, and Architecture in the Late Pre-Pottery Neolithic. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 19(1):75-102. Lev-Yadun S, Abbo S, and Doebley J. 2002. Wheat, rye, and barley on the cob? Nature Biotechnology 20(4):337-338.Pinhasi R, and Pluciennik M. 2004. A Regional Biological Approach to the Spread of Farming in Europe: Anatolia, the Levant, South-Eastern Europe, and the Mediterranean. Current Anthropology 45(S4):S59-S82.Riehl S, Pustovoytov K, Weippert H, Klett S, and Hole F. 2014. Drought stress variability in ancient Near Eastern agricultural systems evidenced by d13C in barley grain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111(34):12348-12353.Riehl S, Zeidi M, and Conard NJ. 2013. Emergence of agriculture in the foothills of the Zagros mountains of Iran. Science 341:65-67.

Public Opinion & Public Policy - [400 Level Political Science Course] Research Paper

Public Opinion & Public Policy - [400 Level Political Science Course] - Research Paper Example The public then evaluates the agenda, based on the values and beliefs, as well as the preferences, and then give their opinion regarding the same. However, most significant of this concept, is the framing of the agenda and the ideas sought by the media. This is because, based on the way a certain agenda is articulated, the same individual can give diverse opinions (Jopkke, 251). Therefore, framing of the public opinion agenda should be done consistently with the actual target information that the agenda is to gather. Social desirability is yet the other consideration that should be made while preparing for a public opinion. The medium that is used to collect public opinion highly determines the response that is obtained (Guimond, 645). This way, the same issue can fetch different responses based on the medium applied. Thus, it is vital to use a medium that is socially desirable to all. This will assure getting the right response on the target issue. The study of public opinion is important. From the beginning of the concept of public opinion, the views obtained from the opinions given by the public regarding a certain issue, have not only been used to give public views regarding the issue, but also to shape and determine the destiny of such an issue (Hugh, 69). A public opinion indicates the attitude, the feelings, the approval or the disapproval of a certain issue by the public. This being the case, it is important to study public opinion, since it helps to understand the real feelings and attitudes that the public holds towards a certain issue (Guimond, 644). Failure to study public opinion would mean that certain decisions are reached on the basis of what certain individuals feel or think, devoid of incorporating the feelings of the public, which is the most affected entity by any social, economic or political

Writing Female Heroism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Writing Female Heroism - Essay Example Based on various textual evidences in the above narratives, they claim that Indians were a bunch of inhuman creatures. In as much as I would like to agree with both Kinnan’s and Rowlandson’s perspective on the animosity portrayed by the Indians, I believe beyond reasonable doubt that the Indians were forced to behave inhumanly based on their earlier advances by Whites. Kinnan and Rowlandson provide a first-hand account of the experiences which they underwent when in captivity by the Native Indians. From my perspective, any person who would face such an ordeal and heartening experience among the Indians would basically call them savages. Kannan for instance had her husband and child killed by the Indians, while Rowlandson had her beloved daughter die while she was in captivity by the Indians (Rowlandson 108). From the perspective of a mother, seeing one losing beloved ones is a hurtful experience that can manifest as post-traumatic stress resulting in fixed hatred towards the murderers. Any reader, mother or wife who reads this part in the narrative written by Mary Kinnan, â€Å"My child, scalped and slaughtered, smiled even then; my husband, scalped and weltering in his blood, fixed on me his dying eye†¦Ã¢â‚¬  would develop hatred towards the perpetrators as it touched deeply into family (Rowlandson 108). In Mary Rowlandson narrative, †Å"There was one who was chopped into the head with a hatchet and stripped naked, and yet was crawling up and down†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Kinnan 4). Such a narrative and description of the event that conspired on that fateful night would totally describe the Indians as inhuman. Both Kinnan and Rowlandson are biased while they give the accounts of their narratives as they were siding with the colonialists. However, from my perspective, I believe the Indians were not inhuman creatures as Kinnan and Rowlandson portrayed them. The Native Indians had their reason why they waged such violent wars on the white colonialists. During the same

Contextualising Our Countrys Good Essay Example for Free

Contextualising Our Countrys Good Essay The historical context of this play is most key, in that the play its self is based on the past. In mid seventeenth century there was a fear within the middle and upper classes of the raising crime rate, largely due to an increasing population and high unemployment figures. The chosen solution to this problem was the transportation of convicts to Australia, where they could be used as slaves to build a naval outpost. The writer Timberlake Wertenbaker was born in the United States, and also lived in France. Shortly after moving to London she became a play write, and is said to have produced her best work, including Our Countrys Good, during the 1980s. She wrote the play after she had read up on the history of the transportation of convicts from England to Australia. To do so she used resources such as the novel The Playmaker by Thomas Keneally, and journals of marines sent to Australia. Through these journals she could get a useful insight into what life for convict was really like. She could learn of the marines frustration that they had been sent to do just a job, in such a place, and the way in which they took out these frustrations on the convicts. Her knowledge of such wrong doings comes through very clearly in the text in scenes, and also through characters such as Sergeant Robbie Ross. Through these marines journals historians were also able to discover that in 1789 several convicts, and one officer put on a play for the whole colony. Through this they were able to teach themselves and their observers of compassion, co-operation and creativity. This is the key story in Our Countrys Good. In keeping with this realistic approach Timberlake Wertenbaker based her characters on real convicts of the first ship to Australia. From what little we know of the characters and their lives after Australia we can see Timberlakes influence for their personalities and traits which we can recognise: Timberlakes key character, Ralph Clark, was a real person. The journal he talks of in the play is a genuine historical item on which his character is based. After his time in Australia he is moved to a new post, and makes sure Mary Brenham, another key character in the play whom he falls in love with, is also transferred. Form this we can see parallels between life and the play in his apparent devotion for Mary that we as audience grow to love. The character Liz Morden is based on a convict called Nancy Turner. She lived to be pardoned and had a large family with a rich thief. This may be the life we would expect for Liz. Through the play she has restored her faith in humanity and has the confidence and love to build a family, but at the same time she will not turn on her own kind and chooses a thief as a lover. John Wisehammer began farming and became a respectable merchant. Just as we would expect of his character who always claimed to be innocent. John Freeman was exempted from hanging, just as his character had always waned. In the play we learn of his hate for the job. Dabby Bryant did escape, as we knew her character in the play would, she eventually ended up back home in Devon. From the above we can see to what extent Wertenbaker was true to the real story of the convicts in Australia. There is also a strong cultural significance to the play. It was written in 1988 for the Royal Court Theatre in London. It came at the end of an extremist period, Thatherite Britain, in which an us and them attitude was strong. And the fact that it was a strong capitalist party in power was evident. One of Thatchers most famous comments was there is no such thing as society, just individuals and their families. Wertenbaker was making a stand against such attitudes and showing we should take the time to think about each other and grow as people in community which can be formed, as the convicts show, in any group of people, however they are originally regarded. Wertenbaker used the play to portray a message that like sending the convokes away, or punishing them with floggings, Michael Howards short sharp shock tactics of the time would not work, but the key was reform, and giving the prisoners something more, by believing they could be more. The play was revived in 1997, as New Labour was coming into power. One of Labours visions is that people can change, its within them. Just as Phillip and Ralph believed the convicts could, and just as Liz Morden proved was true, as both her and Mary found themselves in different ways through the play. There are parallels present between this aspect of the play, and schemes for young offenders today. Young people use art such as graffiti to find themselves through something positive, constructive, enjoyable and rewarding, in much the same way the convicts used The Recruiting Officer. In reviving the play it became recognised again and The Recruiting Officer has been performed in prisons quite recently, as have other plays with the intention of doing what Ralph did for the convicts in Our Countrys Good, restoring their faith in humanity and humanitys faith in them.

The True Story of Christopher Columbus Essay -- History, Discovery

He discovered the Americas. He started the first colony in the new world. He thought he was in Asia. Who is this brave explorer? Christopher Columbus. Smart and Wise Christopher Columbus was during his voyages. Christopher Columbus’s birth date is unknown but believed to be between August 25 and October 31, 1451 in Genoa, Italy (Columbus, â€Å"Early Years of Boyhood† par 1-3). His parents were Domenico Columbo and Susanna Fontanarossa (â€Å"Christopher Columbus Biography and Life Story† par 1). Christopher Was the oldest of five (Columbus, â€Å"Early Years of Boyhood† par 1-3). His brothers were Bartolomew, Giovanni, Pelligrino, and Giacomo (â€Å"Christopher Columbus Biography and Life Story† par 1). His fauther was a wool weaver who had Christopher help him. Later Christopher got a job of sailing on trade ships to Asia (â€Å"Christopher Columbus† par 1-4). Christopher as a boy always wanted to sail. He decided to find a shorter way to travel to Asia. Doing this he would become wealthy, spread the word of Christ, and to become famous (â€Å"Christopher Columbus† par 1-4). He sent Bartolomew to try to get support from England and Spain to allow the voyage but, they were denied. Then when Spain defeated Granada in 1492, Luis de Sontangel who was a royal treasurer convinced Queen Isabella that she was missing a great opportunity. Finally in April of 1492 Christopher Columbus received royal approval for the voyage (Columbus, â€Å"Success in Spain† par 1). Then on May 20, 1506 Christopher Columbus died (â€Å"The Journal of the Admiral of the Ocean Sea†, November 7, 1504 par 2). Besides all of the waiting for royal permission Christopher made some great discoveries. On Christopher’s first voyage he was sailing for King Ferdinand II and Queen Isab... ... He had really no impact on the world then because nobody knew he had discovered a new continent (â€Å"Christopher Columbus Biography† par 4). People have tried to search for the shipwrecks of Capitana and San Juan but have had no luck (Columbus’s lost ships, â€Å"The Capitana and San Juan 1503-1504†). Christopher did make a sacrifice of leaving 40 men behind to start a colony, but all those ended up being killed by Indians (â€Å"Christopher Columbus Second Voyage†) par 3). The discovery led to an age of exploration and conquering. It always showed that the world was a lot bigger than everyone thought (Levinson 99-100). After a decade passed after the death of Christopher Columbus the whole coast from Honduras to Prenambuco had been mapped (â€Å"Christopher Columbus and The Spanish Empire† par 15). So Columbus really made a important discovery but never lived to know it.

Psychology Adjustment

Thomas Wisnewski Psychology of Adjustment Jurgens 6 December 2012 In my class Psychology 2101 I was asked to write about three major events that occurred during my lifetime for class. I have thought about this almost all semester and it was a constant struggle just to think of even one event that I would have liked to share. This class has shown me that almost everybody has their problems, some that cope with them well, and others that still struggle to figure a path that will lead them to happiness. I myself have personal issues that I have learned from.This paper will describe the three events and how they have impacted my life. During the paper I will do my best to put these events in chronological order. I come from a military family. My dad was the military man and my mother was from Korea. They had married when my dad was stationed in South Korea between the late 80s and early 90s. Being in a military family had resulted us in moving a lot. I have moved between many states whil e my dad was in the military, but I had actually loved it. I loved traveling between place-to-place and seeing all kind of new things.Travelling was just really interesting to me because there was always a time where I could experience something new. One of the places that I moved to and stayed for quite a while was in Colorado Springs, Colorado. I had always thought this place was an amazing. Most military brats know that making friends is not the easiest thing to do. We understand by the constant moving that we have to make new friends and lose the ones we made from a place before. This was normal, but getting older I realized that I was getting a bit tired from the constant moving and wanted to stay in one place for a while.As far as I can remember I have learned a lot living in Colorado Springs, Colorado. I learned to ride my first bike there and enjoyed the beautiful weather. In Colorado I had also met my best friend. My best friend’s name was Joshua Vialpando and we had almost done everything together. We would always have the same teachers in school and then of course we would hang outside of school constantly. The guy was always there for me when I ever had a problem and I would try my best to be there for him. Joshua had always struggled in school, but I would always catch on things a bit quicker and help him out when he needed it.This was my first real friend that I have made that I could actually see being there later in my life during adulthood. Of course as time went by it was time to pack my bags and move to a different state. For the first time in my life I realized that I did not want to move and that moving somewhere new had no appeal to me. I wanted to stay and just hang with my best friend and do whatever new activity would cross our minds. I felt like that moving somewhere new would change me somehow and that I would not be able to make a friend that was like him.I felt as if I was going to be lonely, or probably feel a bit different from everyone else. I was losing a friend and it felt like I was losing the world that I had gotten use to and I did not want to experience a new one. This first event gradually leads up to my second event when I moved to Augusta, Georgia. It took me a four-day trip by RV to make it to Augusta. I knew that by moving here I would have to start over again, new school and hopefully new friends as well. In school before I was never really made fun of or teased at all for being who I am.For the first time in my life I was being teased for being Asian American. Children would constantly come up to me and make â€Å"oriental† noises like â€Å"ching chong chong† and other terms like that. I feel as if in Colorado it was more racially diverse, while moving here to Georgia there was just simply mostly white and black. I remember my very first day of attending class in Augusta and I remember after school I had ended up crying. I did not understand why the other kids would make fun of me because I had never experience this issue before. Augusta, Georgia was the place that my dad decided to retire in.I knew from that point that this place would be my new permanent home and I would not be able to go anywhere else new again. I hated the new place I was living in and I hated going to school. This point on I had lost contact with my best friend in Colorado and I had felt lonely just as I had originally thought I would feel. I had felt this same way all the way to almost between the end of middle school and the start of high school. One day while riding the bus home from school. A guy that sat behind me I said â€Å"hey. † This is the point where I had met my friend Stephen Brinson.Stephen had become almost like a brother to me. He was like a part of my family and even my parents seen it that way as well. This is when things seemed to get better for me, slowly but gradually I would deal with my problems. I no longer felt as lonely as I did before because I had met someone that I could talk to and seemed to have the same interests as me. I have known Stephen for a while now and he is still my best friend today. He is the only person I honestly probably see and talk to most of the time. In my first two years of high school I was not popular at all. In fact, I was probably more of a geek than anything.It was the last two years of high school that I had finally felt a difference. I never realized how many people I knew. I had actually become pretty popular at the end of my high school career. I was known for my talents and nominated for everything. I feel that Stephen was a part of this change because we had made that change together. Stephen was also a pretty big geek in the beginning of high school as well, but we both decided to make this change together. I feel if I have never met him, then that change would have never occurred and I could probably be in a situation that I hate.I learned that it is not about where I go, but the peop le that I do things with. I still today tend to not make a lot of friends, but a few is all I need to be happy. I learned that being made fun of is nothing and it is something that I can overcome. In the end it has made me stronger as a person and I tend to think back at a hard time and laugh about it. I laugh at it because I realize where I am now and I am proud of that alone. My last event is about my sister and mostly my mother. My mother is pretty strict mom and she pushes us very hard especially when it comes to education.The way she pushes my sister and I does not seem very reasonable and at times very unfair. My sister and my mother would argue a lot, but one day it had got to the point where I had come home and my sister had about nine knives that she held up to her neck explaining that she just wanted to kill herself. I remember me sneaking up behind her and taking all of the knives out of her hand to make sure that she would not harm herself. From that point on I tend to k eep a barrier between my mother and I. This barrier is the only one that I can see fit for dealing with her because my mother knows exactly how to tick you off.I do believe that my mother’s ways did help me during school because I had focused and did well many times until the start of high school. In the beginning of high school I tended to rebel against her because I wanted to show her that I did not really care. It was about a year into high school that I realized it was not for my mother, but for myself and that I should actually be doing a whole lot better. My mom did not even attend my high school graduation because she believes I was not high enough ranked. I ranked in the top 10 percentile of my high school, which I thought was pretty good.I do not tell her absolutely anything unless it is completely needed. There is nothing about my personal life that she really knows because she will just argue about how everything I am doing is completely wrong. The barrier is the o nly way I believe that I can enjoy my life and not bother hers. The barrier is not just for myself, but a little part of it is for her as well. It keeps us both sane instead of in a state of constant rage. I believe that I will always have this barrier between her because she will never really sit down and understand why I do the things I do.She does not want to hear what I have to say and just believes that nothing is right compared to her. By creating this barrier between her and I. It has changed me as a person. I realize that I create barriers between other people because I tend to not trust others very quickly. Even when I get into a relationship with a significant other I create some type of barrier and the girl will never understand me completely. I always end up telling them that they just do not get it but I know that because of this barrier I put up. It makes it hard to understand me.I am trying to work on this because I have met someone that I would really love to fully u nderstand me and I fully understand her. It is a work in progress, but I believe in the end it will be worth it. Today, I no longer feel as lonely as I once did. I feel satisfied with how things are going in my life today. I think that I have it all. I might not have the perfect family, but I do love my family. I do not think that anyone has a fairytale. This class has shown me so much and has given me different perspectives on how I can deal with the everyday stress of life.Things just seem a lot better than they did before and I can really only thank myself for this. I feel if I never wanted things to change then they would not have, but I had accepted others with positive inputs in my life and let the ones with negative inputs go away. I thought that this class was an interesting course and that anybody regardless if they are psychology major or minor should take this class because they could also learn something from it as well. It is a different experience than the normal class room, but that is exactly what makes it so good.

Leadership Development Plan For The Mississippi Army...

When approaching an organization with a new idea or concept it is vital to go in with all your data and facts organized and concise. One of the first things they want to know when they are considering revising or upgrading a leadership development plan is proof that a new plan would work. Therefore, the plan must have proof that is reliable, relatable and valid before introducing the plan. Always remember to treat others as you would want to be treated (Luke, 6: 31, KJV). This literature review paper will give provide proof to the Mississippi Army National Guard (MSARNG) that the new leadership development plan that is being proposed is credible. Literature Review Leadership Culture Edgar Schein outlines the characteristics of a†¦show more content†¦His word will last through the ages and whatever you ask in His name He will give to you† (John, 15:16, NIV). His book is very applicable when attempting to better understand the true make up of an organization like the Mississippi Army National Guard. He uses key values that describe the organization and its makeup. His article is considered valid and reliable. The focus of the Arthur is to explore the values of educating leaders in two specific ways. The first way is to provide research results in the area of moral and character value traits. The second way attempts to clearly define common terms that are often misunderstood (Arthur, 2010). He discusses the need for moral and character development in leadership programs. The author intertwines these concepts which emphasize the need for understanding the younger generation In regards to the MSARNG, this article provides some great insights about character development as it pertains to the environment, self-exploration, surrounding oneself with others that have similar values, the educational environment though college and how the younger generation feels about working in today’s organizations. This will help the MSARNG leaders understand today’s millennials by considering their background and will help bridge the gap in the organization. The analysis done on the younger generation was very beneficial and gave a new perspective on

Similarities and Differences of Paradise Lost and...

Between the two novels, Paradise Lost and Frankenstein, there are many striking similarities. What makes these two books so wonderful to read is the author s ability to write about the ultimate struggle; the struggle between God and Satan, or Good and Evil. The characters in Paradise Lost and in Frankenstein seem to be very similar to one another. God and Victor Frankenstein have many similarities. One of their similarities is that they are both creators of new life. The monster, Victor s creation, also shows remarkable similarities, but not with God. The monster shows similarities with Satan and Adam. At first these characters seem very plain and tasteless, but as the stories go on and the characters become deeper beings, the interest†¦show more content†¦Just as Satan and Adam both fall from God s grace, the monster appears to fall from the grace of his God and his creator as well, Victor. Because the stories are so similar, it s almost as if the monster is living the epic poem Paradise Lost! In both novels the reader is able to feel sorrow for the evil beings. The reader almost feels compassion for the beings suffering. Is this because we, as people, better relate to sin? It seems that the reader wants to side with evil because even when our key examples, Adam and Eve, seem faultless, they can t refuse to into a life of sin. Through this, the reader feels sympathy for someone or something that is an outcast. Outcasts of these two stories are Adam and Eve to God, Satan to God, and the monster to Victor. We, as readers, also begin to see the unfairness of our society today. While most of Frankenstein resembles God and Satan or Gad and Adam, Eve is not forgotten. Eve is just less noticeable. Mary Shelly did this on purpose. All of Mary Shelly s good verses bad relationships seem superficially masculinized. By making Frankenstein more masculine, Mary Shelly is pulling away from Milton s idea of Eve and his female illustration that the fall was due to a woman. Whenever Paradise Lost is mentioned in Mary Shelly s novel, Frankenstein, Eve is always left out. Eve is never mentioned. The absence of the Eve character is seen when the monster asks Victor for a female companion. The monsterShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Allusions In Frankenstein987 Words   |  4 PagesFrankenstein Allusions Mary Shelley, author of Frankenstein, references many other works of literature in her renowned book. To name a few of the referenced works there were John Milton’s Paradise Lost, the Greek â€Å"Prometheus myth†, and the widely known poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner†. Each of these allusions gave a new meaning to Shelley’s story, affecting how each of the readers interpreted her words. Paradise Lost shares many parallels with Frankenstein. TwoRead MoreFrankenstein1237 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Literature: Frankenstein Essay Frankenstein is a gothic horror novel that was written by Mary Shelly and was published in 1818, when gothic aesthetic, romanticism and science were beginning to spike in western culture. The novel follows the story of Victor Frankenstein in creating a monster which causes destruction around him, as Victor had ambition and thirst to reveal the secrets of nature. The novel could be viewed as a warning to the readers and audience about having a greed for knowledgeRead MoreFrankensteins Origin: Assessing Thompsons Argument for the Creatures Literary Ancestors 1443 Words   |  6 PagesThe greatest modern stories often hail from ancient myths, and Mary Shelleys novel, Frankenstein, proves no exception to this claim. Replete with references to John Miltons Paradise Lost and the ancient Greek myth of Prometheus, the story of Frankenstein seems, in many ways, very much like the Creature himself—which is to say, cobbled together from various scraps of previously existing parts. Terry W. Thompson, however, argues convincingly that scholars continue to ignore one of FrankensteinsRead MoreThe Foil Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein, And The Modern Prometheus1046 Words   |  5 Pageswhose traits, by differences and similarities, help to emphasize and enhances the qualities and actions of the protagonist. Many characters, such as Elizabeth Lavenza, Henry Clerval, Robert Walton and Frankenstein’s creature, in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, Or, The Modern Prometheus qualify as foils for Victor Frankenstein, the protagonist. However, Frankenstein’s creature is the most effective foil for Victor Frankenstein. The creature’s similarities and differences with Frankenstein along with hisRead MoreJohn Milton s Paradise Lost2313 Words   |  10 PagesThe concept of revenge has prevailed as an integral component of literature,  exemplified in Paradise Lost written by John Milton among other works. In Paradise Lost, Satan acts as the main proponent of revenge. The actions of his character create the basis for a Miltonic ideal of revenge, later modified by Emily Brontà « and Mary Shelley. Wuthering Heights written by Brontà « presents Heathcliff as a modernization of Satan. The characters share the experience of evolving from their lives as outcastsRead MoreFrankendoodle And Frankenstein1079 Words   |  5 PagesFrankenstein is a classic science fiction novel written by Mary Shelley, through the ages, many adaptations have taken the story through various forms of popular culture. SpongeBob Squarepants, a popular children s television show often alludes to classic literature, and makes it entertaining for all ages. While this example is quite comical, it does hold classical elements associated with Frankenstein, but takes a spin on the classic science fiction novel. In this essay I will consider the similaritiesRead MoreA Comparison Of Frankendoodle And Frankenstein1199 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Frankendoodle† in Comparison to the Original text â€Å"Frankenste in† Frankenstein is a classic science fiction novel written by Mary Shelley, through the ages, many adaptations have taken the story through various forms of popular culture. SpongeBob Squarepants, a popular children s television show often alludes to classic literature, and makes it entertaining for all ages. While this example is quite comical, it does hold classical elements associated with Frankenstein, but takes a spin on the classic scienceRead MoreWhy Does Frankenstein Begin and End with Waltons Letters?1188 Words   |  5 PagesWhy does Frankenstein begin and end with Walton s letters? Victor Frankenstein is a scientist whose ambition will be fatal. His story is central to Mary Shelley s Frankenstein. Nevertheless, Shelley gave a frame to Victor s tale as Frankenstein begins and ends with Captain Walton s letters. In this analysis, I will show that Shelley did not insert the letters by chance, but that they add a deeper dimension to the novel. Walton s letters play an important role for the reader may find manyRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1758 Words   |  8 PagesFrankenstein was published over 200 years ago. Ever since it was published, it has been one of the most famous books known to literature. History.com Staff states that this book, by 21-year-old Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, is frequently called the world’s first science fiction novel (History.com Staff). According to Wikipedia, Shelley was an English novelist. She was born August 30th, 1797. She died on February 1st, 1951 (Wikipedia). Shelley came up with the idea of Frankenstein as she andRead MoreThe Renaissance And Romanticism During The 19th Century1245 Words   |  5 Pagesconsidered one of the greatest poets of the English language(†¦). His most popular work is Paradise Lost, about? which he wrote during the Renaissance(†¦). Ben Johnson is known for writing satires(†¦). His most famous works are Volpone, â€Å"On My First Son†, and â€Å"Song: To Celia† (†¦). â€Å"On My First Son† was written after the tragic death of his 7-year-old son(†¦). The major works produced during this time are Paradise Lost by John Milton, The Faerie Queene by Edmund Spenser, Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare

Analyzing The Writing The Size Of A Bible - 1257 Words

Savannah Quinn Trace Ashley Lemak English 112 January 14, 2016 Preliminary Writing Assignment Every writer has a different way of shaping his or her elements of writing, the different skills they possess in shaping those elements of writing differ from author to author. The best skills are the ones that get a person where they need to be to accomplish the highest amount of beauty within’ their writing. Fortunately, I have possessed some skills within’ my lifespan as those who write encrypting essays and marvelous works. In my writings, I tend to fall deep within’ a world of wonder. It’s almost like Alice when she fell down into the crazy world of wonderland and discovered the most precocious things. I’m able to come up with things quickly that come together nicely and shape a paper into the best form it can turn out to be. Writing or typing quickly and forming new fresh ideas for others to analyze, accept, and appreciate. I also am obsessed with writing a book the size of a bible for every piece of writing that I create. Some may say it is n ot a good habit, but I swear it’s one of the best ones that one could possess. I do fond writing over reading, but even then, I’m a sucker for love stories and mysteries. 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Taxation Law and Practice

Question: Describe about the "Negative Gearing and its Effects". Answer: Introduction Australian investors are making the most of the real estate sector by reaping rich profits from the combination of negative gearing and discounts on capital gains. The housing sector is coming under pressure because of the savings being made by taxpayers on capital gains tax (CGT) because of the loopholes left by negative gearing. The investors are getting encouraged and are taking full advantage of the benefits being rolled out by the Australian taxation Office (ATO). Especially making use of the benefits are the high income individuals whose tax savings are increasing, (Barkoczy, 2015). A survey conducted by The Australia Institute has revealed that these factors are putting the government to a loss of $7 billion annually. The survey also reveals the fact that taxpayers falling in the middle income bracket, who are contributing the highest percentage of tax amount to the ATO, is not getting anything from these benefits. In fact, 67% of the benefit goes to the top 20% of the taxpaye rs and only about 4% of households in the low income earning are being benefited by this scheme, (Barkoczy et al, 2010). When the benefits of negative gearing are combined with the discounts given on capital gains to taxpayers, a vast majority of investors in Australia are being encouraged to invest in the residential property sector, thus pushing-up the prices in this sector. This is also lowering the percentage of the genuine home buyers who want a home for their own use, (Nethercott, Richardson Devos, 2010). Even the financial institutions are encouraging investment in housing sector with the result that investment is getting concentrated in the limited investment property sector and this is an alarming situation for the Australian economy. Investors are becoming rich at the cost of other peoples money by collecting tax benefits and are also booking their losses against the rental incomes they are earning without paying any tax to the government, (Ault, Arnold Gest, 2010). The Interest Factor in Negative Gearing In the opinion of the taxation experts, and I quote Negative Gearing is a benefit derived by a taxpayer from an investment property in the form of a loss. Unquote. The biggest factor playing a prominent role in this happens to be the interest which the borrower pays on the loan taken from the financial institutions for buying the investment property. The property may or may not earn large amount of rental income, but the borrower gets the advantage of claiming the interest amount from any other assessable income which it declares during the income year in which the interest is being paid, (CCH, 2015). Thus, even if the investment property does not provide any income, it does give an avenue for reducing the tax liability to the borrower[1]. Moreover, if the rental income is low and the expenses incurred on maintaining the investment property are high, the taxpayer can still claim deduction of the excessive expenses from other assessable incomes earned. In other words, the loss being i ncurred by the investor from the investment property is getting compensated by the tax saving being made from the other assessable incomes and the deductible expenses which would also include the interest payment made on loan taken for buying the investment property, (Lindahl, 2008). Taxation experts consider such investments as unusual investments because the government is compensating the loss being generated by the investor. IN the normal course of running a business, the owner tries to make the most from their investments and take utmost care and work with the intention to make profit, (Lindahl, 2008). But in the case of negative geared investment properties, all the investments in the residential investment properties, are made with the sole intention of creating a loss so that the advantage of negative gearing can be taken for availing the permissible deductions. Another factor which favours the investors is that although investors are incurring losses in cash terms on the investment property, the property itself is actually getting increased in value, (Bakker Kloosterhof (ed.). 2010). Capital Gains and Negative Gearing Let this paper take the case of capital gains in situation where an investor sells the investment property. At the time of sale, under normal conditions, the property is worth more than its price when it was purchased, (Bakker Kloosterhof (ed.). 2010). Since the value of the property has increased over the years, the investor is making a capital gain and this will be subjected to capital gains tax (CGT) according to the Australian taxation law. The taxpayer pays CGT on the net value of the capital gain, which is arrived at after deducting all the expenses incurred on maintenance and sale of the property, which the taxpayer can claim from sale amount of the asset, (Barkoczy et al, 2010). The Australian Taxation Office (ATO) introduced a 50% discount in 1999, which was allowable to taxpayers on the net Capital Gain made by them on the sale of a capital asset, provided the asset has been held by the owner for a minimum of 12 months and the net gain is then subjected to the CGT, (Barkoc zy et al, 2010). The purpose was to allow more investment in housing sector by luring the investors with the discount, as the taxpayer was to pay tax on only half of the capital gain amount which was earned from the sale of the investment property. The taxpayer is not only allowed deductions on the ongoing revenue losses (expenses incurred) during the period of ownership of the investment property, it is also getting the advantage of paying income tax on a fraction of the gain which it has made from the sale of the investment property, under the legally admissible negative gearing. This additional discount of 50% allowed on the capital gain amount in fact permits the taxpayer to collect the full amount of the investment made by it, at the expense of the government, (Nethercott, Richardson Devos, 2010). Effects of Negative Gearing and CGT on Housing In Australia, the ATO has been promoting a generous tax treatment to the investments being made in rental property sector. Unlike most of the advanced countries of the world, taxation in Australia does not follow a set limit for allowing the deductible expenses which a taxpayer can claim against those expenses which are related to investment properties, (McCouat, 2012). In the case of negatively geared properties, investment related expenses, including agent fees, stamp duty charges and the interest paid on the loan amount often exceed the rental income earned. The problem is not addressed logically as the investors are not making any losses because the value of the property increases every year, (McCouat, 2012). The other advantage available to the investor is that capital gains do not get included in the taxpayers taxable income till the property is sold. Hence negative gearing has become the combination of the capital gains, which are taxed at half the marginal tax rate after the sale of the property and the advantage provided to the taxpayer for claiming unlimited deductions on account of the incurred expenses. This taxation system is encouraging taxpayers to borrow more for the purpose of speculating in investment properties, (McCouat, 2012). Australia reports the second highest housing price to income ratio among the member OECD countries. This happens not because the houses in Australia are becoming more costly for the genuine Australian buyers, it also happens because the international property trends are showing that Australia has high level of house pricing in comparison to the other member OECD countries. The size of the losses being claimed by taxpayers from the investment properties has grown since 2000 in Australia. According to the available data, the net rental income in 2000 was $219 million and in the last one decade, this has turned into net rental loss, which in 2012 was $7.9 billion, (Lomas, 2011). Not only the tax revenues are getting reduced because of this combination of Negative Gearing and CGT Discount, it is also contributing to the problem of housing affordability in Australia. Another effect felt is on the increasing housing prices, but this is purely speculative because this is there because of the favourable tax treatment given to the investment properties and this is attracting more investors in buying the rental properties and the additional investors are able to outbid the genuine buyers, (Renton, 2012). Negative Gearing and Rental Income The growing rental loss trend is showing that Australian rental property investors are not concerned with the rental yield gained from the investments but are focussing on the capital gains only and these are being offered to them with the combo-pack of incentives of the negative gearing and the 50% CGT discount. The argument out forward by investors for to the government for not removing negative gearing is that if this is done it will increase the rentals and this will largely affect those majority of low income earners, who are the major users as tenants of the investment properties, (Renton, 2012). And the logic given by the investors is that it is because of the negative gearing factor that the investors are getting encouraged in building more houses for these low income earners. This, they state, is actually responsible in making the rental prices low and more investments has been out in to increase the supply of the rental properties, (Ault, Arnold Gest, 2010). In case this argument is found to be correct, then the major portion of houses which are purchased for availing negative gearing should have been in the new housing sector. On the contrary, a survey of ABS shows that only 6% of investments have been made in the new housing stock and a large segment of investors are buying the existing housing stock, (Ault, Arnold Gest, 2010). This also becomes evident from the data which shows that the percentage of investment loans in the new house segment has declined. In 1992, the loans for new houses were just 18% of the total property loans and presently the figure is only 6%. This shows that more than 94% of loans in the investment housing property sector are for existing housing stock and only a small portion of the investments are being put for producing new housing stock into the market, (Ault, Arnold Gest, 2010). A Few Facts about Negative Gearing Fact 1 The reason for increase in rents in bygone times was because of the higher interest rate, combined with boom in the share market. This resulted in diversion of investments from the rental property market although this was limited only to Sydney and Perth, in fact, lending to rental property investors rose by 42% across Australia, (CCH, 2015). Fact 2 Negative gearing has been the fuel during each housing boom as it has been encouraging speculations in the property sector. In recent times, the impact has been seen as growing because the investors have a more easy access to credit. Moreover, the provision of 50% discount on capital gains, which was introduced in 1999 has also helped in making negative gearing a more attractive proposition for investors, (Barkoczy, 2015). Fact 3 It is wrong to suggest that benefits of negative gearing are majorly enjoyed by those investors who belong to the middle income earning segment in the society. This has been portrayed wrongly as the Taxation Statistics to prove this fact are taken after taking into account the deductions claimed by taxpayers for rental property investment, which are already reduced by negative gearing strategies, (Barkoczy, 2015). Fact 4 Most households which appear in the middle income earning segment are actually high income earning taxpayers but are included in the said segment before the deductions are subtracted from their incomes. Actually, more than 50% of the individual taxpayers involved in the negatively geared rental housing investments are in the top 10% bracket of personal taxpayers whose earnings are above $100,000 and about 30% who earned above $500,000, (Barkoczy, 2015). Negative Gearing and CGT Discount What Can be Changed? When there is a proposal to carry out some changes in negative gearing and CGT discount, it is very essential for those in the authority to consider how to retain the positive aspects of the current policy in the revised policy and also to consider a smooth transitional arrangements, (Renton, 2012). Negative gearing should be used for creating additional new houses to be built but as the discussion above shows, this can happen only in small numbers. Any proposal for reforming the policy should also take into account that negative gearing is only for the new houses and that to for the limited period. Such a change will not impact the investors who are planning of buying new housing stock only to avail negative gearing. Such changes in the policy framework will only make a positive impact on the building of new houses, (Lomas, 2011). Taxpayers who are wanting to invest money in residential property sector are finding that buying a house from the new house stock gives a bigger tax advantage as compared to buying from an existing housing stock. This increases the low investment rate being experienced presently in the new house stocks for rental investment properties. When a change in policies is made and which will affect the residential investment properties, it is important for the authorities not to frame such policies which may develop a sudden change in the property sector. If negative gearing can be restricted currently only for new investment property stocks, there is always the possibility that large number of unsold investment properties will be left unsold in the real estate sector and this will cause an instability in the prices of the houses, (Lomas, 2011). Conclusion Currently, the housing policy issue has become a diverse economic agenda for the Australian economy. Taxation experts speculate if it will be bad or good for the countrys economy if housing prices start increasing in Australia. The experts are of the view that answers to these speculative questions will be different for every individual. This is so because different people will offer different points of view and their views will depend chiefly on the type of house they own now or wish to buy one in the near future. Such situations may be good only for the investor who either has an investment property or who is looking for opportunities to downsize their present house or for those who are planning to move from a highly expensive area to a less expensive area. Such speculations, in their true meaning, are quite adverse for those taxpayers who are planning to buy their first home or for those who wish to buy a bigger house because their family is growing. References Ault, H. J., Arnold, B. J. and Gest, G. (2010) Comparative income taxation: a structural analysis. (3rd ed.) Amsterdam: Kluwer Law International. Bakker, A. and Kloosterhof, S. (ed.). (2010) Tax risk management. Amsterdam: IBFD. Barkoczy, S., Rider, C., Baring, J. and Bellamy, N. (2010) Australian Tax Casebook. (10th ed.) Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited. Barkoczy, S. (2015) Australian Tax Case book, (12th ed.) North Ryde, NSW: CCH Australia Limited. CCH. (2015) Australian Master Tax Guide. Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited. Lindahl, D. (2008) How Small Investors Can Get Started and Make It Big. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Lomas, M. (2011) How to Invest in Managed Funds. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. McCouat, P. (2012) Australian Master GST Guide. (13th ed.). Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited. Nethercott, L., Richardson, G. A. and Devos, K. (2010) Australian Taxation Study Manual: Questions and Suggested Solutions. Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited. Renton, N. E. (2012) Family Trusts: A Plain English Guide for Australian Families of Average Means. (4th ed.) Milton, QLD: John Wiley Sons. Taxation Law and Practice Question: Discuss about the Taxation Law and Practice. Answer: Tax implication on sale and purchase of house As per the regulation of Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, an individual is required to pay tax on capital gain that arises due to sale of capital assets that includes sale of property. However, individual taxpayers are entitled to claim exemption on capital gain tax provided the required criteria under ITAA 97 be satisfied. The regulation of ITAA 97 on capital gain tax exemption provides that if the individual sells the property, which is main residence, including the adjoining land up to 2 hectares utilized for the purpose of domestic use (Ato.gov.au 2016). However, it is essential for the taxpayer to have only one residence during the taxation year while the taxpayer is entitled to own a new house against the sale of old house within a overlapping period of six months (Hulse and Burke 2015). Additionally, capital gain tax exemption under ITAA 97 provides that the taxpayer can claim exemption only the property has been used for residential purpose for minimum three continuous periods during the span of 12 months before its sale. Further, regulations under Australian Taxation Office provide that the property should not be rented in the same period of 12 months (Austlii.edu.au 2016). It is given that; you have acquired the old house on 31 October 1987, which is your main residence at present. Cost of acquisition was $190,000 including the legal cost of $1,900 and stamps duty $4,850 stating that you stayed in the house since its acquisition except for a period 31 December 2006 to 31 December 2014. As per the provisions of ITAA 97, it is essential that the taxpayer use the property for at least three continuous periods during 12 months time before its sale. Therefore if you sell the main residence during the month of December 2016, it is essential to use the house property for at least three continuous months between the period December 2015 and December 2016 (Rogers, Lee and Yan 2015). On the contrary, in case you acquire a new house against the sale of old one, maximum overlap period can be six months i.e. you need to purchase the new house within June 2017 to claim the exemption referring to the case of Hepples v. FC of T 91 ATC 4808, (1991) 22 ATR 465. If the above conditions are satisfied, you are entitled to claim exemption on the net taxable capital gain from the sale of house against the purchase of new one that can be determined either by using indexation method or by following discounting method @50% (Mangioni and Warren 2014). Considering the cost of acquisition and repairs cost of the old house, taxable capital gain from indexation method would be $186,827 while $ 135,525 using discounting method. Hence, maximum amount of exemption you can claim will be the total acquisition cost of new house. Assessable Capital Gain from old house Indexation method Amount $ Expected sales consideration 480,000.00 Less: Total cost of acquisition Cost on 31 October 1987 190,000.00 Indexed cost of acquisition 274,222.69 Legal cost 1,900.00 Stamp duty 4,850.00 Total cost of acquisition 280,972.69 Add: cost of repairs for the purpose of sale Repainting 6,200.00 Fence construction 3,600.00 Repair the front porch 2,400.00 Total cost incurred 293,172.69 Profit on sale of property 186,827.31 Discounting method Expected sales consideration 480,000.00 Less: Total cost of acquisition Cost on 31 October 1987 190,000.00 Legal cost 1,900.00 Stamp duty 4,850.00 Total cost of acquisition 196,750.00 Add: cost of repairs for the purpose of sale Repainting 6,200.00 Fence construction 3,600.00 Repair the front porch 2,400.00 Total cost incurred 208,950.00 Profit on sale of property 271,050.00 Discount @50% 135,525.00 Net taxable amount 135,525.00 (Source: Created by Author) Tax implications on the house expenditures In view of the regulations of ITAA 97 on capital gains, an individual taxpayer is eligible to claim deduction on the expenses incurred to acquire the capital asset along with the expenses incurred to improve the property in connection with the sale. Further, it is essential to incur such expenses only for the specific property or capital asset. Therefore, you are eligible to claim deduction on the expenses incurred for acquiring the property while determining the assessable amount of capital gain. Apart from that, expenses incurred during the current year for the purpose of repairing and improvement can be claimed as deduction in connection with sale of old house (McKerchar, Bloomquist and Pope 2013). Hence, total amount of expenses to be claimed (subject to indexation) is as follows: Amount $ Cost of acquisition on 31 October 1987 190,000.00 Legal cost 1,900.00 Stamp duty 4,850.00 Total cost of acquisition 196,750.00 Add: cost of repairs for the purpose of sale Repainting 6,200.00 Fence construction 3,600.00 Repair the front porch 2,400.00 Total cost to be claimed for deduction 208,950.00 (Source: Created by Author) Tax implications on apple watch and bravery medal Gifts received by the taxpayers are non-taxable as per the regulations of ITAA 97 if the gift has been received from the relatives or family members. However, if the gift has been received for personal benefits then the same cannot be claimed as deduction. Further, the taxpayer is entitled to claim deduction on gifts if it is received in terms of money or property as well as the value is more than $2. It is mentioned that the gift has been received in favor of saving a boy from shark attack i.e. Apple watch worth $650 will not be included in the assessable income since there was no personal benefit. Similarly, bravery medal received for saving the boy will also not attract taxability under ITAA 97 because it was neither a property nor it attracts any personal benefit. Assessability and deductibility of items to determine the taxable income for the year ended 30 June 2016: In order to determine the taxable income under ITAA 97, any income received during the taxation year is included in the taxable income while expenses are deductible if the expenses have been incurred to generate such income. However, there are certain incomes received by individuals fall under the exemption criteria including perquisites or allowances received under employment. Therefore, salary income against the occupation of teacher amounted to $72,000 would be included in the assessable income for the year ended 30 June 2016. Franked dividends received from Telstra Shares would be taxed as per the imputation system since the company attributed the dividend tax to the shareholders (Ato.gov.au 2016). Further, as the dividend is franked dividend, Telstra Company is required to state the amount of frank credit to claim the difference amount. Holiday received for opening a new savings account valued to $3,200 will be considered as gift that does not consider personal benefit as well as it neither a monetary gift nor a property. Therefore, it will not be assessable in the taxable income. Family Tax Benefit received for 10 years son would be attracted if the son is dependent and younger than 20 years as well as you meet the income test, in view of the case Jayatilake v FC of T (1991) 101 ALR. As per the rates provided under the regulations of FTB Part B, maximum amount to be received for 10 years old child amounted to $3,186.45 per year. Since the amount received $1,300 is lower than the threshold limit, the entire amount i.e. $1,300 will be exempted from the assessable income. Purchase of work clothing and shoes amounted to $450 is to be claimed as deduction since it is related to the work used for generating salary income with reference to the case of FC of T v. Edwards ( 1993) 93 ATC 5162. Cost of private car would be deductible to extent used for school purposes which was 5,600 km while the balance 19,400 km was used for personal purpose. Accordingly, the expenses on car can be deductible by using two methods i.e. cents per kilometer method or logbook method. In order to claim deduction under logbook method, it is essential for you to keep a logbook record for continuous 12 weeks while you must have the ownership. It is important to record all the trips related to work and personal use along with the maintenance of expenditure receipts. Another significant criteria required to be followed is the completion of logbook procedure once in five years or less (Ato.gov.au 2016). As per the regulations of ATO, an individual teacher is entitled to claim deduction for work related expenses on study costs and laptops (Wilkins 2014). Therefore amount of $3,650 including the cost of laptop purchased on 1.02.16 would be deductible as decided in the case of FC of T v. Finn (1961) 106 CLR 60. Superannuation contribution can be claimed as deduction as per the principles under Australian Taxation Office that is allowed for the salaried individual. Hence $3,000 on personal superannuation contribution would be deductible. Tax Agent fees incurred to manage own tax is deductible as per the legislation under Australian Taxation Office that is incurred to prepare or lodge the return on tax and other taxation advice. Hence, $750 for tax agent fees would be deductible. Taxable Income for the year ended 30 June 2016: Income from Salary 72,000.00 Less: Work related expenses Purchase of work clothing and shoes 450.00 Use of private car: 3,915.52 a) Cents per km method: 66 cents per km up to maximum of 5,000 per car 5,000 km out of 5,600 km * 0.66 cents 3,300.00 b) Logbook method Percentage of use for work purpose (5600/25000) km = 22.4% Total Cost incurred Registration and Insurance 1,700.00 Fuel 2,080.00 Speeding fine 450.00 Repairs and Services 750.00 Depreciation (for the period of use) 12,500.00 17,480.00 Entitled car expense (22.4% on $17480) 3,915.52 Since the deduction amount is higher in logbook method, it will be claimed as deduction Cost of study including laptop 3,650.00 Net income from work 63,984.48 Add: Franked dividends 2,850.00 Holiday receipt- Exempted Family tax Benefit- Exempted Less: Superannuation contribution 3,000.00 Less: Tax agent fees 750.00 Net taxable income 63,084.48 (Source: Created by Author) Tax payable/ (refundable) for the year ended 30 June 2016 Tax payable will determined based on the tax rates applicable from the year July 1 2015 provided by ATO along with the Medicare levy. Marginal tax is not applicable since the total taxable income is less than the threshold $87,000. Further, as per the legislation provided by ATO on PAYG withholding i.e. Pay as you go is required to be adjusted with the assessable amount of tax payable reference to the case of Chevron Australia Holdings Pty Ltd v FC of T (2015) FCA 1092. In case the PAYG amount exceeds the determined tax liability then the excess amount is to be claimed as refundable from the federal government of Australia (Ato.gov.au 2016). Tax Payable/ Refundable Net Taxable income 63,084.48 Taxable income on 0- $18,200 Nil Taxable income on $18,201- $37,000 3,572.00 Taxable income on $37,001- $63,084.48 8,477.13 Total tax 12,049.13 Add: Medicare levy @2% 240.98 Marginal tax rate is not applicable since the taxable income is less than $87,000 - Total tax payable 12,290.11 Less: PAYG withholding from salary 15,900.00 Tax refundable for the year ended 30 June 2016 -3,609.89 (Source: Created by Author) Reference List and Bibliography Ato.gov.au. 2016. Home page. [online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au [Accessed 16 Dec. 2016]. Austlii.edu.au. 2016. Australasian Legal Information Institute (AustLII). [online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/ [Accessed 13 Dec. 2016]. Dridi, W. and Boubaker, A., 2015. An Assessment of the Linkage between Financial Reporting and Taxation in Tunisia.International Business Research,8(4), p.168. Fouarge, D., Schils, T. and De Grip, A., 2013. 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Commuting-related fringe benefits in the Netherlands: Interrelationships and company, employee and location characteristics.Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice,77, pp.358-371. Rogers, D., Lee, C.L. and Yan, D., 2015. The politics of foreign investment in Australian housing: Chinese investors, translocal sales agents and local resistance.Housing Studies,30(5), pp.730-748. Wilkins, R., 2014. Evaluating the Evidence on Income Inequality in Australia in the 2000s.Economic Record,90(288), pp.63-89.